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The Language of Medicine, 13th edition > Med Term Ch.2 > Flashcards

Med Term Ch.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which body cavity contains the pleural cavity and the mediastinum?

A

Thoracic (pleural cavity- the space between the lung’s two layers of membrane) (mediastinum- space between the lungs)

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2
Q

Which body cavity cavity contains the peritoneum?

A

Abdominopelvic {the peritoneum is the membrane that lines the inside of your abdomen and pelvis (parietal). It also covers made of your organs inside (visceral)}

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3
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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4
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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4
Q

anter/o

A

front

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5
Q

chondro/o

A

cartilage

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5
Q

cervic/o

A

neck (of the body or uterus)

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5
Q

chrom/o

A

color

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6
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx (tailbone)

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7
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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8
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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9
Q

dist/o

A

far, distant

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10
Q

dors/o

A

back portion of the body

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11
Q

hist/o, histi/o

A

tissue

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12
Q

ili/o

A

ilium (of the hip bone)

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13
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

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14
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

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15
Q

later/o

A

side

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16
Q

lumb/o

A

lower back

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17
Q

medi/o

A

middle

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18
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

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19
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

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20
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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21
Q

poster/o

A

back, behind

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22
Q

proxim/o

A

nearest

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23
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

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24
Q

sacr/o

A

flesh

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25
Q

spin/o

A

spine, backbone

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26
Q

thel/o, theli/o

A

nipple

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27
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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28
Q

trache/o

A

trachea, windpipe

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29
Q

umbilic/o

A

navel, umbilicus

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30
Q

ventr/o

A

belly side of the body

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31
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra(e), backbone(s)

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32
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

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33
Q

ana-

A

up

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34
Q

cata-

A

down

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35
Q

epi-

A

above

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36
Q

hypo-

A

below

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37
Q

inter-

A

between

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38
Q

intra-

A

within

39
Q

meta-

A

change

40
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

41
Q

-iac

A

pertaining to

42
Q

-ior

A

pertaining to

43
Q

-ism

A

process, condition

44
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to, full of

45
Q

-plasm

A

formation

46
Q

-somes

A

bodies

47
Q

-type

A

picture, classification

48
Q

Process of cutting the skull

A

Craniotomy

49
Q

karyotype

A

photograph of an individual’s chromosomes, arranged by size, shape, and number

50
Q

chromosomes

A

rod-like structures within the nucleus

51
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids.
ana- up; bol- to cast; -ism -process

52
Q

catabolism

A

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released.
cata- down; bol-to cast; -ism - process

53
Q

cell membrane

A

structure surrounding and protecting the cell. it determines what enters and leaves the cell

54
Q

chromosomes

A

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which only contain 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes

55
Q

cytoplasm

A

all of the material that is outside of the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

56
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid; chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell

57
Q

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

Its composition has two components: the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The SER is generally used for the creation/ storage of lipids and steroids, while the RER plays a significant role in the synthesis of various proteins (contains ribosomes attached to the membranes)

58
Q

genes

A

regions of DNA within each chromosome

59
Q

metabolism

A

total of the chemical process in a cell. it includes catabolism and anabolism.

Meta- change; bol- to cast; -ism -process

60
Q

mitochondria

A

rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell. Catabolism is the process that occurs in the mitochondria. (From the Greek “mitos” meaning thread and “chondrian” meaning granule)

61
Q

nucleus

A

control center of the cell. it contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell

62
Q

ribosomes

A

small granules on the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell (there are also free floating ribosomes in the cytosol). Ribosomes arrange amino acids on the ER to make proteins.

Rib/o us derived from ribonucleic acid or RNA and -somes means bodies

63
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

64
Q

histologist

A

specialist in the study of tissues

65
Q

muscle cell

A

long and slender; contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing

66
Q

epithelial cell

A

a lining and skin cell; can be squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional

67
Q

nerve cell

A

may be long and have various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses

68
Q

fat cell

A

contains large, empty spaces for fat storage

69
Q

differentiation

A

change in cells as they mature and specialize

70
Q

epithelial tissue

A

forms then linings of internal organs, and the outer surface of the skin covering the body. it also lines exocrine glands (secrete their substances through ducts onto your body’s surfaces) and endocrine (secrete their substances directly into your bloodstream) glands, and is responsible for the secretions that the glands produce

the term epithelial originally referred to the tissue on (epi-) the breast nipple (thel/o). Now it describes all tissue that covers the outside of the body and lines the inner surface of internal organs.

71
Q

muscle tissue

A

Voluntary muscle is found in arms and legs and parts of the body where movement is under conscious control.
Involuntary muscle, found in the heart and digestive system, as well as other organs, allows movement that is not under conscious control.
Cardiac muscle is a specialized type of muscle found only in the heart.

72
Q

connective tissue

A

Examples are adipose (fat) tissue, cartilage (elastic, fibrous tissue attached to bones), bone, and blood

73
Q

nerve tissue

A

nerve tissue conducts electrical impulses. examples are in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves throughout the body

74
Q

Organs of the digestive system

A

mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, intestines (small and large), liver, gallbladder, pancreas

75
Q

Organs of the urinary/excretory system

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra,

76
Q

Organs of the respiratory system

A

nose, pharynx, larynx (voice box), trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs (where gas exchange takes place)

77
Q

Organs of the reproductive system

A

female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

male: testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

78
Q

Organs of the endocrine system

A

Thyroid gland (in the neck), pituitary gland (at the base of the brain), sex glands (ovaries and testes), adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid glands

79
Q

Organs of the nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves

80
Q

Organs of the circulatory system

A

Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland

81
Q

Organs of the musculoskeletal system

A

Muscles, bones, and joints

82
Q

Skin and sense organs (integumentary system)

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands; eyes, ears, nose, and tongue

83
Q

adipose tissue

A

collection of fat cells

84
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints. Cartilage forms part of the external ear and the nose. Rings of cartilage surround the trachea.

85
Q

viscera

A

internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen

86
Q

Organs of the cranial cavity

A

Brain, pituitary gland

87
Q

Organs of the Thoracic cavity

A

Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta.

Divided into two smaller cavities:
1. Pleural cavity- space surrounding each lung; the pleura is a double membrane that surrounds the lungs and protects them
2. Mediastinum- centrally located space outside of and between the lungs; it contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes

88
Q

Organs of the abdominal cavity

A

Stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

*the peritoneum is the double folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity. it attaches the abdominal organs to the abdominal muscles and surrounds each organ to hold it in place

*the kidneys are part of the abdominal cavity but are behind the peritoneum; they are situated behind the abdominal cavity in the retroperitoneal area

*the diaphragm is a muscular wall divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities

89
Q

Organs of the pelvic cavity

A

Portions of the small and large intenstines, urinary bladder, rectum, urethra, ureters; uterus and vagina (in females)

*unlike the abdominal and thoracic cavities, there is no true divide between the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Together, they are referred to as the abdominopelvic cavity

90
Q

Organs of the spinal cavity

A

Nerves of the spinal cord

91
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the layers of the pleura (double-folded membrane surrounding each lung)

92
Q

pleural effusion

A

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

93
Q

ascites

A

collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

94
Q

Name the abdominopelvic regions

A

Right hypochondriac
Left hypochondriac
Epigastric
Right lumbar
Left lumbar
Umbilical
Right inguinal (iliac)
Left inguinal (iliac)
Hypogastric

95
Q

Name the abdominopelvic quadrants and their associated organs

A

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ): liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of pancreas, parts of small and large intestines

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ): liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, parts of small and large intestines

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ): parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ): parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter

96
Q

spinal column

A

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

97
Q

spinal cord

A

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

98
Q

vertebral disc

A

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

99
Q

Divisions of the back

A

Cervical- neck region (C1-C7)
Thoracic- chest region (T1-T12)
Lumbar- loin (waist) region (L1-L5)
Sacral- region of the sacrum (fused, S1-S5)
Coccygeal- region of the coccyx (fused)

The Language of Medicine, 13th edition (7 decks)

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