Module 7: Section II Quiz

Question 1

UTI is the abbreviation for:

Answer 1

Urinary tract infection

UTIs occur in either the upper or lower urinary tract.

Question 2

The abbreviation for phenylketonuria is:

Answer 2

PKU

Elevated levels of phenylketones cause phenylketonuria. Phenylketones are substances that accumulate in the urine of infants who are born without the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine. If this conversion doesn’t happen, the high levels of phenylalanine in the bloodstream cause mental retardation. This condition is controlled through a diet that excludes phenylalanine.

Question 3

A combining form for kidney is:

Answer 3

Nephr/o

(also ren/o)

Question 4

Pus in the urine is called:

Answer 4

Pyuira

Py/o- (pus)
-uria (urine condition)

Question 5

The retention of urea and nitrogen in the blood is called:

Answer 5

uremia

Uremia is a toxic state that occurs when a arge amount of nitrogenous waste accumulates in the blood.

Question 6

Smoky red urine due to the presence of blood

Answer 6

Hematuria

Hematuria is blood (hemat/o) in the urine.

Question 7

The examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements is a ___________, which is abbreviated _________.

Answer 7

Urinalysis, UA

Urinalysis is the examination of urine for signs of pathologic conditions. UA is the most common test used to diagnose most disorders of the urinary system.

Question 8

The abnormal condition of the kidney characterized by marked proteinuria and edema (swelling) is called:

Answer 8

Nephrotic syndrome

When excessive amounts of protein are filtered into the urine (proteinuria), swelling (edema) occurs. This condition is known as nephrotic syndrome, which is not a disease but rather is a sign of a disease that damages the glomeruli so that they do not filter proteins properly. This syndrome is sometimes referred to as “leaky glomeruli.”

Question 9

The urine test that reflects the amount of wastes, minerals, and solids in the urine is called:

Answer 9

Specific gravity

Specific gravity (sp gr) is a comparison of the density of urine with that of water.

Question 10

The normal pH of urine is:

Answer 10

Slightly acidic (pH of 6.5)

With infections of the bladder, the urine pH may be alkaline.

Question 11

Abnormal levels of albumin is called:

Answer 11

Albuminuria

Albuminuria is the condition of abnormal levels of albumin (albumin/o) in the urine (-uria).

Question 12

_________ is an indication that the body is burning fat for energy.

Answer 12

Ketonuria

The presence of ketones in the urine (ketonuria) is evidence that the body is burning fat for energy. Ketone bodies are end products of fat (lipid) metabolism in the body.

Question 13

The term that means “sugar in the urine” is:

Answer 13

Glycosuria

Glycosuria is the abnormal condition of sugar (glycos/o) in the urine (-uria).

Question 14

Which term means “inflammation of the glomeruli within in the kidney”?

Answer 14

Glomerulonephritis

Question 15

Inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules

Answer 15

Interstitial nephritis

The connective tissue lying between the renal tubules is the renal interstitium.

Question 16

T or F: Kidney stones are also known as renal calculi.

Answer 16

True

Renal calculi and kidney stones are the same thing. Kidney stones are usually composed of uric acid or calcium salts.

Question 17

Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney describes:

Answer 17

PKD - Polycystic kidney disease

PKD is an abnormal condition in which the kidney are enlarged and contain many cysts. There are three forms: childhood and congenital polycystic disease are uncommon; adult polycystic disease is characterized by flank pain and high blood pressure and eventually leads to renal failure.

Question 18

Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma is called:

Answer 18

Pyelonephritis

Pyel/o- (renal pelvis)
nephr/o- (kidney, renal parenchyma)
-itis (inflammation)

The renal parenchyma is the functional part of the kidney that includes the renal cortex (the outermost part of the kidney) and the renal medulla.

Pyelonephritis is usually the result of lower urinary tract infection.

Question 19

A malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in childhood is:

Answer 19

Wilms tumor

Wilms tumor is a malignant neoplasm of the kidney occurring in young children, often before the age of 5.