Module 7: Section I Quiz

Question 1

A combining form for calyx is:

Answer 1

Calic/o or Cali/o

The small basin in the central part of the kidney is made up of more cup-shaped regions called calyces, or calices. Each calyx helps collect urine and aids its passage through the renal pelvis, which narrows into the ureter.

Question 1

The process whereby renal tubules return material necessary to the body back to the bloodstream is:

Answer 1

Reabsorption

Question 2

A combining for for glomerulus is:

Answer 2

Glomerul/o

A renal glomerulus is a small ball of capillaries in the outer region of the kidney.

Question 3

The combining for for trigone is:

Answer 3

Trigon/o

The ureters enter through a triangular area in the bladder called the trigone, where the urine is transferred into the urethra to exit the body.

Question 4

The major function of the urinary system is to:

Answer 4

Excrete nitrogenous waste

The urinary system also maintains a balance of water, salts, and electrolytes in body fluids. The kidneys secrete the enzymatic hormone renin that controls blood pressure and the hormone erythropoietin that stimulates the production of red blood cells in bone marrow.

Question 5

The terms (3) for expelling urine from the urethra is:

Answer 5

Voiding, Urination, Micturition (all mean same thing)

Micturition comes from the Latin “micturire”, meaning to make water.

Question 6

The renal hormone that stimulates red blood cell production is:

Answer 6

Erythropoietin (EPO)

erythr/o- (red)
-poietin (substance that forms)

Question 7

The depression on the medial border of the kidney through which nerves and blood vessels pass is called the:

Answer 7

Renal hilium

Question 8

The outer region of the kidney

Answer 8

Renal cortex

Question 9

The inner region of the kidney

Answer 9

Renal medulla

Question 10

The central collecting region of the kidney

Answer 10

Renal pelvis

Question 11

What is the structure that carries blood to the kidney?

Answer 11

Renal artery

Blood enters each kidney from the aorta by way of the left and right renal arteries. The renal arteries enter the kidney at the hilum.

Question 12

Which structure is the central collecting region in the kidney?

Answer 12

Renal pelvis

Question 13

What is the sac that holds urine called?

Answer 13

Urinary bladder

The urinary bladder temporarily holds the urine until it is voided through the urethra and urinary meatus.

Question 14

The small, cup-shaped region that collects urine is called:

Answer 14

Calyx

The small basin in the central part of the kidney is made up of more cup-shaped regions called calyces, or calices. Each calyx (or calix) helps collect urine and aids its passage through the renal pelvis, which narrows into the ureter.

Question 15

Which structure is a tiny ball of capillaries?

Answer 15

Glomerulus

The glomeruli are tiny balls of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) located in the cortex region of each kidney. Their function is to filter waste products from the blood as it passes through. These waste products collect in the glomerular capsule that surrounds each glomerulus.

Question 16

Which structure carries blood away from the kidney?

Answer 16

Renal vein

Question 17

The tube leading from each kidney to the the bladder is called a:

Answer 17

Ureter

The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Urine flows down the ureters from each kidney to temporarily collect in the urinary bladder.

Question 18

During filtration, blood pressure forces materials through ________, which act as filters.

Answer 18

Glomeruli

Glomeruli are tiny balls of capillaries in the kidney. Glomerular filtration is the renal process whereby fluid in the blood is filtered across the capillaries of the glomerulus and into the glomerular capsule.

Question 19

A chemical element that carries an electric charge when dissolved in water is an:

Answer 19

Electrolyte

Electrolytes are chemical elements that, when dissolves (-lysis) in water, transmit electrical charges needed for proper muscle and nerve functioning. Electrolytes include potassium and sodium.

Question 20

The term for the hormone secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure is:

Answer 20

Renin

Renin is a hormone ( -in = substance) secreted by the kidneys (ren/o) that narrows blood vessels, thereby increasing blood pressure.

Question 21

What is the name of the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 21

Nephron

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, each one capable of forming urine by itself.

Question 22

A nitrogenous wate excreted in urine is:

Answer 22

Urea or Creatinine or Uric acid