MODULE 7 HAEMATOLOGY DISORDER Flashcards
Describe the primary function or meaning of the following components of blood
- Erythrocyte
- Haematocrit
- Leucocyte
- Thrombocyte
Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell): Primary function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
Haematocrit: Represents the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells. It indicates the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity.
Leucocyte (White Blood Cell): Functions in the immune system to defend the body against infections and foreign substances.
Thrombocyte (Platelet): Essential for blood clotting; helps prevent and control bleeding.
In what way does the spleen affect the number of red blood cells and platelets circulating though the body?
The spleen acts as a reservoir for red blood cells and platelets. It can release these cells into the bloodstream when needed, such as in response to increased demand or during times of stress.
What is the significance of the rhesus factor and why is it import to match this in a blood transfusion?
The Rhesus factor is important in blood transfusions to prevent an immune reaction. If a person receives Rh-positive blood when they are Rh-negative, their immune system may produce antibodies against the Rh factor, leading to a transfusion reaction.
True or False: The majority of the population is Rh positive.
True
Describe the pathophysiology of anaemia and what the clinical presentation may be of prolonged untreated anaemia.
Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in their ability to carry oxygen. Prolonged untreated anemia can lead to fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, pale skin, and, in severe cases, organ damage.
What is the aetiology (cause) if the following haematological disorders
- Pernicious anaemia
- Aplastic anaemia
- Sickle cell anaemia
- Polycythaemia
Pernicious Anemia: Autoimmune destruction of intrinsic factor, leading to vitamin B12 deficiency.
Aplastic Anemia: Failure of bone marrow to produce blood cells.
Sickle Cell Anemia: Genetic mutation leading to abnormal hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to become rigid and crescent-shaped.
Polycythemia: Overproduction of red blood cells, often due to bone marrow disorder or chronic hypoxia.
Define the term thrombocytopenia.
Definition: A condition characterized by a low platelet count, increasing the risk of bleeding.
What type of leukemia is the most common and has the lowest 5 year survival rate?
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).
