MODULE 3 MUSCULOSKELETAL Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe 4 functions of skeletal muscles

A

Movement
Posture Maintenance
Joint Stability
Heat Generation
Organ Protection

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2
Q

What is the name given to the thin fibrous cartilage between the surfaces of some joints that serve to disperse friction?

A

articular cartilage

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3
Q

What type of joint is found between bones that move against each other?

A

Synovial joint

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4
Q

True or False: Synarthroses are freely moving joints?

A

False.

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5
Q

What is the name given to the following types of fractures:
- Single break maintain alignment and position
- Skull fracture and pushed into the brain
- Multiple fractures in a bone with many bone fragments
- One end of a bone forced into an adjacent bone
- A bone has fractured with little to no external force applied
- Deformity of the lower leg with an obvious wound in the skin

A

Single break maintain alignment and position: Simple or closed fracture.

Skull fracture and pushed into the brain: Depressed fracture.

Multiple fractures in a bone with many bone fragments: Comminuted fracture.

One end of a bone forced into an adjacent bone: Impacted fracture.

A bone has fractured with little to no external force applied: Pathological fracture.

Deformity of the lower leg with an obvious wound in the skin: Compound or open fracture.

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6
Q

Describe the complications that may occur throughout the healing process of a fracture.

A
  • Infection: Risk of infection at the fracture site.
  • Delayed Healing: Factors like age, nutrition, and blood supply can affect healing time.
  • Non-union: Failure of the bone ends to heal.
  • Malunion: Healing in a position that impairs function.
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7
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of compartment syndrome and provide 3 causes for this condition.

A

Compartment syndrome is a condition where increased pressure within a muscle compartment impairs blood supply, leading to tissue damage.

Causes: Trauma, fractures, crush injuries.

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8
Q

What is the name given to the surgical procedure that is often required in acute compartment syndrome?

A

Fasciotomy is often required in acute compartment syndrome, involving the surgical release of the fascia to relieve pressure.

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9
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of a dislocated joint.

A

Pain, swelling, loss of joint function, and a visible deformity.

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10
Q

What is the name of the condition where bones become thin, weak and fragile, such that even a minor bump or accident can cause a broken bone.

A

Osteoporosis

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11
Q

Provide a brief definition of the following conditions:
- Rickets
- Paget’s disease
- Osteomyelitis
- Kyphosis

A

Rickets: Softening and weakening of bones in children, usually due to vitamin D deficiency.

Paget’s Disease: Excessive bone remodeling, leading to enlarged and deformed bones.

Osteomyelitis: Infection of the bone.

Kyphosis: Excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing a hunchback appearance.

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12
Q

True or False: Most primary sarcomas are not usually malignant?

A

True.

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13
Q

What is the second most common type of primary bone cancer?

A

Chondrosarcoma

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14
Q

Explain why Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy only affects young boys.

A

Affects only young boys due to a genetic mutation on the X chromosome, and boys have only one X chromosome.

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15
Q

What is a common condition in which people experience symptoms that include widespread pain and tenderness in the body, often accompanied by fatigue and problems with memory and concentration?

A

Fibromyalgia

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16
Q

What name is given to the connective tissue that covers the bones?

A

Periosteum