MODULE 6 DERMATOLOGY & ENT Flashcards
Describe the differentiating characteristics of the layers of skin below
- Dermis
- Epidermis
- Hypodermis
Epidermis: Outermost layer; consists of stratified squamous epithelium. Mainly provides a protective barrier.
Dermis: Middle layer; contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. Provides structural support and nutrient supply.
Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Tissue): Innermost layer; contains fat and connective tissue. Insulates, stores energy, and anchors skin to underlying structures.
Name at least 5 functions of the integumentary system.
Protection: Acts as a physical barrier against pathogens and UV radiation.
Thermoregulation: Controls body temperature through sweat and blood flow.
Sensation: Contains sensory receptors for touch, temperature, and pain.
Excretion: Eliminates waste products through sweat.
Synthesis of Vitamin D: Essential for calcium absorption and bone health.
How would you differentiate between the following inflammatory skin conditions?
- Contact dermatitis
- Urticaria
- Psoriasis
Contact Dermatitis: Allergic reaction upon contact with irritants or allergens.
Urticaria (Hives): Allergic reaction causing raised, itchy welts on the skin.
Psoriasis: Chronic autoimmune disease causing red, scaly patches on the skin.
What is the name give to a bacterial infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue? What is the most common causative organism?
Cellulitis.
Often Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.
Describe the pathophysiology of necrotising fasciitis and what is its clinical presentation would be.
Pathophysiology: Rapidly progressing bacterial infection affecting the fascial planes, leading to tissue necrosis.
Clinical Presentation: Severe pain, swelling, fever, skin discoloration, and systemic symptoms.
What is meant by the term mycoses and give 3 examples of mycosis disease.
Definition: Fungal infections.
Examples:
- Tinea (Ringworm): Fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nails.
- Candidiasis: Yeast infection caused by Candida species.
- Aspergillosis: Lung infection caused by Aspergillus species.
True or False: The survival rate for squamous cell carcinoma is very poor.
False. Survival rates for squamous cell carcinoma are generally high.
What is meant by the ABCD of melanoma and how is it staged?
A: Asymmetry
B: Border irregularity
C: Color variation
D: Diameter (>6 mm)
Staging: Melanoma is staged based on the thickness of the tumor, involvement of lymph nodes, and metastasis.
In what population is Kaposi sarcoma more prevalent and why?
Prevalence: More prevalent in immunocompromised populations, especially those with HIV/AIDS.
Cause: Associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection.
When assessing burns, which zone contains potentially salvageable tissue and where is the maximal tissue damage?
Zone of Coagulation: Contains irreversibly damaged tissue.
Zone of Stasis: Surrounds the zone of coagulation, potentially salvageable with prompt treatment.
Zone of Hyperemia: Outermost zone with minimal damage.
Describe the local and systemic effects of a significant burn injury.
Local Effects: Tissue damage, scarring, impaired wound healing.
Systemic Effects: Shock, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, infection.
what is bleeding from the nose called and risk
Epistaxis (nosebleed) can be life-threatening if it is massive and leads to significant blood loss, causing hypovolemic shock.
