Module 7 Fetal Lie Flashcards
What does fetal lie describe?
The relation of the long axis of the fetus to that of the mother
What are three positions of fetal lie?
- Longitudinal lie
- Transverse lie
- Oblique Lie
How would we refer to the positions of the baby
We would use terms like
1. Cranial and caudal
2. Ventral and Dr.
What does presentation mean in terms of Fetal lie?
Refers to the part of the fetus that is over the cervix
What are five presentations of fetal lie?
- Cephalic
- Breech
- Acromial
- Longitudinal lie
- Transverse lie
What is a Cephalic (vertex) presentation?
The fetal ear is closest to the cervix
What is breech presentation?
The fetal buttocks are closest to the cervix
What is acromial presentation?
Fetal shoulder closest to the cervix
What is longitudinal lie?
Cephalic/ breech presentation with the fetal spine on the maternal left/ right
What is transverse lie?
Transverse presentation with the fetal head on the maternal left/ right
What are six types of fetal presentations?
- Cephalic with back/spine anterior
- Cephalic with back/spine down
- Transverse with back/spine down
- Complete breech
- Footing breech
- Frank breech
What is a frank breech?
- Hips are flexed
- Knees are extended or straight legs
- Feet are near face
- “Pike position” or “toes up the nose”
What is a complete breech?
- Hips and knees flexed or bent
- Feet are level with the buttocks
- Buttocks are presenting
What is an incomplete breech?
- One leg is extended and the other is bent
- The foot is level with the butt
What is the footing breech?
- One or both feet are closest to the cervix
- Feet are lower than the buttocks
Assuming normal situs of organs we can determine what?
Fetal lie from an ultrasound image if we know the fetal position.
1. Cephalic
2. Transverse
3. Breech
What are three questions we need to think about for fetal lie?
- What is the fetal position
- What plane are we scanning in
- Looking at the ultrasound image, where is the fetal spine
What is the difference between longitudinal like Cephalic presentation and longitudial like breech position?
They are opposites
What is the difference between transverse lie head, maternal left and transverse lie head, material right?
Its opposite
What does position refer to in terms of Fetal lie?
Refers to the relation of the part of the fetus to the right or left side of the birth canal
What is the Occiput?
In a vertex presentation (Back of the head)
What is the M = Chin position?
In a face presentation
What is a s = Sacrum
In a breech presentation
Where is position variety normally used?
Labour and delivery rather than sonography
For an even more accurate orientation the relation of the presenting part is compared to what?
To the anterior, transverse, or posterior position of the mothers pelvis is considered
The position and variety are put together to describe what?
Specific position
Since the present, part in each of the two positions may be directed anterior, transverse, or posterior, there are how many varieties?
Six varieties for these 3 presentations
When is posture important? What is posture in terms to fetal lie?
In the later months of pregnancy the fetus assumes a characteristic posture, described as the attitude or habitus
Usually the fetus folds how?
- Forward
- The spine is convex and the head is flexed forward
The only situation when the fetus is not flexed is when?
When it is rather extended in mento presentation
What are the frequency of vertex?
96%
What is the frequency of breech?
3.5%
What is the frequency of mento (face)?
0.3%
What is the frequency of shoulder (acromium)?
0.4%
About 2/3 of all vertex presentations are in what position?
Left position
If the baby is in sagittal position we scan how?
Transverse and vice versa
What position is the baby in?
Fetus is left side down (look for the spine and the stomach)
What position is this fetus?
Left side down
What position is this fetus?
Right side down (look at the spine, its up so the fetus is facing down)
What position is this fetus?
Right side down
