Module 10.1: Heredity Flashcards
What is a Genotype?
Your DNA resulting in your genetic makeup
Genotypes are a combination of what?
Alleles possessed of a specific gene
What is a phenotype?
Combination of observable characteristics or traits - what you look like
What are included in phenotypes?
Only genes that are expressed
_______ is directly inherited from parents. ________ is not, however is influenced by genotypes
- Genotypes and phenotypes
_______________ are variants of a particular gene due to changes in gene sequences
Alleles
For each gene there can how many different alleles?
Many
An ______ is one specific way a particular gene can be expressed
Allele
What are two basic characteristics of an allele are?
- Dominant
- Recessive
What does allele affect?
Affects the phenotype when present in one copy
How many alleles must be present for a recessive allele to show up
Must be present in 2 copies to be expressed
What is a punnet square?
Graphical representation of the possible genotypes two individuals can produce when combined
What is the punnet square based on?
Alleles from both parents
A punnet square is a map of what?
Statistical outcomes or risks of inheriting a disease or condition
What is a dominant and recessive expressive in the punnet square
- Dominant expressed as Big B
- Recessive expressed as little b
Humans have how many pairs of chromosomes? How many are sex chromosomes and how many are autonomies? 3
- 23 pairs
- 2 sex hormones
- 44 autosomes
What is meiosis?
Division of a cell that reduces the number of chromosomes to half
What is an example of meiosis?
Diploid»_space;> haploid
What does meiosis entail?
Two divisions of the genetic material
During meiosis if there is a production of four haploid cells, what assortment of genes and chromosomes does each carry?
New assortment of genes and chromosomes
What does this image represent?
Meiosis
What is the mode of inheritance depend on? 2
- On whether an allele is dominant or recessive
- Also whether the gene that determines that trait appears on a sex chromosome or an autosome
One person carries more than how many possible combinations of a chromosome? How?
More than 8 million
1. +8 million combination of his or her partner
2. = A potential variability of 70 trillion genetic unique individuals
What does homozygous mean?
An individual with 2 identical alleles for a gene