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DMST 244 Obstetrics and Gyn Sonography 1 > Mod 1 Female Reproducive Anatomy > Flashcards

Mod 1 Female Reproducive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the innominate bone consist of? 3

A
  1. Ilium
  2. Pubis
  3. Ischium
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2
Q

What is the accurate line?

A

The margin that divides the true and false pelvis

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3
Q

What is another name for arcuate line also called? 3

A
  1. Lines terminalis
  2. Pelvic brim
  3. Iliopectineal line
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4
Q

What is superior to the arcuate line?

A

Superior margin of the symphysis pubis

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5
Q

What is posterior to the arcuate line?

A

Sacral prominence

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6
Q

What structures are found inferior to the arcuate line? 7

A
  1. Uterus
  2. Ovaries
  3. Fallopian tubes
  4. Vessels
  5. Muscles
  6. Rectum
  7. Colon
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7
Q

What structures are found in the false pelvis?

A

Bowel

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8
Q

What are the segments o the uterus? 4

A
  1. Fundus
  2. Corpus
  3. Isthmus
  4. Cervix
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9
Q

What are different positions of the uterus? 4

A
  1. Anteverted
  2. Anteflexed
  3. Retroflexed
  4. Retroverted
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10
Q

What is the shape of the uterus?

A

Pear shaped in reproductive years and post menopausal year.

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11
Q

What is the shape of a uterus in newborns?

A

Bilobed structure

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12
Q

What is the size of a uterus in infants?

A
  1. About 3cm long and 1cm thick
  2. Neonatal is slightly larger than infant
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13
Q

What are the different layers of the uterus?

A
  1. Endometrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Perimetrium
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14
Q

What are some structures we see in the endometrium? 2

A
  1. Stratum functionalis
  2. Stratum Basalis
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15
Q

During the proliferation phase how thick is the endometrium?

A

4-8 mm (double layer)

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16
Q

During the secretory phase how thick is the endometrium?

A

7-14 mm (double layer)

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17
Q

During the post menopausal phase how thick is the endometrium? How much without bleeding?

A

<5mm and <9mm without bleeding

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18
Q

Postmenopausal bleeding may be normal when?

A

If the women is on HRT

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19
Q

What is the fornix?

A

Potential space around cervix, which attaches at level of internal OS

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20
Q

The Fallopian tubes are contained in what?

A

Mesosalpinx of broad ligament

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21
Q

What are the segments of the Fallopian tubes? 4

A
  1. Interstitial
  2. Isthmus
  3. Ampulla
  4. Infundibulum
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22
Q

Where is the fimbriae located?

A

Infundibulum

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23
Q

What is the location of the ovaries?

A

Variable

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24
Q

What is the structure of the ovaries?

A
  1. Cortex on the outer
  2. Medulla on the inner
25
Q

What are the shape of the ovaries?

A

Almond shaped

26
Q

What is the dimensions of the ovaries? What is the normal range in cc?

A
  1. 3x2x2
  2. 6cc or up to 20cc (normal)
27
Q

How big are neonatal ovaries?

A

Wide range up to 3.66cc

28
Q

What is the shape of the infant ovaries?

A

Sausage shaped

29
Q

What is the size of post menarche ovaries?

A

Upper normal of 8cc

30
Q

What is the size of post menopausal ovaries?

A

1- 5.8 cc with >8cc being abnormal

31
Q

What is the pathway for blood flow into the uterus? 8

A
  1. Common iliac artery
  2. Internal iliac artery
  3. Anterior branch of internal iliac artery
  4. Uterine artery
  5. Arcuate artery
  6. Radial artery
  7. Straight arterioles
  8. Spiral arterioles
32
Q

What is the internal iliac artery also called?

A

Hypogastric artery

33
Q

What is the venous return of the uterus? 5

A
  1. Venous plexus
  2. Uterine vein
  3. Internal iliac vein
  4. Common iliac vein
  5. IVC
34
Q

What is the blood flow supply for ovaries?

A

Abdominal aorta to ovarian arteries into the hilum ovary

35
Q

What is the venous return for the ovaries?

A
  1. Right ovarian vein to IVC
  2. Left ovarian vein to left renal vein to IVC
36
Q

The ovarian arteries often form what?

A

Anastomoses with the uterine arteries

37
Q

How many ligaments does the female reproductive system have? 7

A
  1. Two broad ligaments
  2. Two round ligaments
  3. Two Uterosacral ligaments
  4. Two ovarian ligaments
  5. Two suspensions ligaments
  6. Two mesosalpinx
  7. Two mesovarium
38
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

Double fold of peritoneum that drapes over the uterus and Fallopian tube

39
Q

What is the mesosalpinx?

A

Drapes over Fallopian tubes

40
Q

What is the mesovarium?

A

Posterior portion of the peritoneum that attaches to the ovary

41
Q

What is the rectus abdominis?

A
  1. Anterior wall of abdomen
  2. Lines alba
42
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

Aponeuroses that fuse the two rectus muscles as well as the oblique and transverse muscles at the mid line

43
Q

What is the Psoas muscles?

A

Posterior wall of abdomen

44
Q

What is the Iliopsoas muscle? (Think position to the pelvis and the external iliac vessels)

A
  1. Anterior and lateral in pelvis
  2. Lateral to the external iliac vessels
45
Q

What are the muscles in true pelvis? 4

A
  1. Obturator internus muscle
  2. Periformis
  3. Lavator ani muscle
  4. Coccyges
46
Q

What is the Obturator internus muscle? Where is it in relation to the uterus? How easy is it to see on U/S?

A
  1. Side walls of pelvis
  2. Directly lateral to uterus
  3. Difficult to see on U/S
47
Q

What is the piriformis?

A

Posterior walls of pelvis and posterior to cervix

48
Q

What is the levator ani muscles? 2

A
  1. Most inferior muscle
  2. Like a hammock with coccygeus for pelvic floor
49
Q

What is the coccygeus muscle?

A

Muscle that is posterior floor of pelvis

50
Q

What are the two intraperitoneal spaces?

A
  1. Posterior cul de sac
  2. Anterior Cul De sac
51
Q

What is the Posterior Cul de sac?

A
  1. Recto-uterine pouch
  2. Space between the rectum and uterus
52
Q

What is the anterior cul de sac?

A
  1. Vesico- uterine pouch
  2. Space that is located between the bladder and the uterus
53
Q

What is included in the extraperitoneal space? 2

A
  1. Vaginal fornices
  2. Space of retzius
54
Q

What is the urinary bladder?

A

Variable states of distension can cause uterus to fold

55
Q

What is the ureters?

A

Travel inferior to ovaries and enter bladder posterior at trigone

56
Q

How much does the urethra make up in terms of the trigone? And where is it located in relation to the vagina?

A
  1. Makes up third point of trigone
  2. Anterior to vagina
57
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

Lines all pelvic organs except ovaries

58
Q

What is the perineum? 2

A
  1. Area between thighs
  2. The soft tissue around external genitalia and anus
59
Q

What is the junction of the uterine body and the cervix?

A

Isthmus

DMST 244 Obstetrics and Gyn Sonography 1 (22 decks)

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