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Repro > module 7-estrous cycle > Flashcards

module 7-estrous cycle Flashcards

1
Q

who is considered the pioneer of hormone contraception

A

Dr. Wayne Bardin

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2
Q

what did Dr. Wayne Bardin do

A

developed long lasting contraception that provided an alternative to daily oral pill

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3
Q

what is Mirena? when was it FDA approved?

A

-an intrauterine device that releases a progesterone agonist(levonorgestrel)
-FDA approved in 2000

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4
Q

hormones used in cosynch method, and their purpose

A

-GnRH: induce follicular waves/growth, induce ovulation
-Prostaglandin: regress CL
-CIDR(progesterone): Blocks ovulation

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5
Q

timeline for cosynch method

A

-Day 0: GnRH injection, insert CIDR(grows new dominant follicle)
-Day 7: remove CIDR, give prostaglandin injection
*day 7: Place estrotect patch
and moniter for estrus(2-3
days)
OR
*Day 9: give GnRH injection and AI

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6
Q

method for estrus synch in pigs

A

feed matrix for 14 days, then expose to boar, then breed

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7
Q

what is prostaglandin secreted by

A

the uterus

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8
Q

how does prostaglandin get to the ovary

A

counter-current exchange to ovarian artery

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9
Q

does prostaglandin go through a counter-current exchange in horses? why/why not?

A

no, prostaglandin is not metabolized as well in horses so there is still enough left after traveling through the body to regress the CL

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10
Q

division of estrous cycle based on ovarian structures

A

-follicular phase
-Luteal phase

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11
Q

division of estrous cycle based on hormone profile

A

-proestrus
-estrus
-metestrus
-diestrus

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12
Q

follicular phase traits
-dominant structure
-dominant hormone
-start
-end
-relative length

A

-dominant structure: follicle
-dominant hormone:estradiol
-starts with luteolysis
-ends with ovulation
-30% of cycle

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13
Q

luteal phase traits
-dominant structure
-dominant hormone
-start
-end
-relative length

A

-dominant structure: CL
-Dominant hormone: progesterone
-starts with ovulation
-ends with luteolysis
-70% of cycle

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14
Q

proestrus traits

A

-2-3 days
-increase estradiol
-decrease progesterone

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15
Q

estrus traits

A

-24 hours(approximately)
-peak estradiol
-LH surge

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16
Q

metestrus traits

A

-5 days
-decrease estradiol
-increase progesterone

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17
Q

diestrus

A

-longest phase
-peak progesterone

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18
Q

polyestrus

A

display estrus throughout the year

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18
Q

seasonally polyestrus

A

display more than one estrus cycle during specific time of year

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19
Q

monestrus

A

display estrus once a year
Ex: bear, foxes, dogs

20
Q

what animal is in constant estrus

A

rabbits

21
Q

length of menstrual cycle

A

28 days

22
Q

what is the start of the menstrual cycle

A

menses

23
Q

phases of menstrual cycle

A

-menses(CL regression)
-proliferative(rebuilding what was sloughed off)
-secretory

24
Q

agonists for estradiol

A

ethynyl estradiol
mestranol

25
Q

agonists for progesterone

A

norethindrone
levonorgestrel

26
Q

anestrus

A

no ovarian structures(not cycling)

27
Q

start of estrus cycle

A

ovulation

28
Q

proportional length of luteal and follicular phase in menstruation

A

50/50 split

29
Q

length of menses

A

2-5 days

30
Q

who was the last northern male white rhino, when did he die?

A

Sudan, 2018

31
Q

what is the possible hope for northern white rhinos

A

two viable embryos were produced that will likely be carried by southern white rhinos

32
Q

parts of the follicle

A

-granulosa cells
-theca cells
-follicular fluid
-oocyte

33
Q

theca cells

A

-from stroma
-respond to LH
-convert cholesterol to testosterone

34
Q

granulosa cells

A

-from cortex
-respond to FSH
-convert testosterone to estrogen

35
Q

jobs of FSH

A

-granulosa cell mitosis
-increase LH receptors
-Steroidogenesis
-effect preantral and antral follicles

36
Q

jobs of LH

A

-steroidogenesis
-effect antral follicles
-surge starts ovulation
-resume meiosis

37
Q

gonadotropin independent

A

-initial development of follicle growth
-primordial—>primary(preantral)

38
Q

gonadotropin responsive

A

-follicle can respond to gonadotropins but its not required(antrum formation)

39
Q

gonadotropin dependent

A

removal of gonadotropins results in atresia(tertiary and on)

40
Q

initial follicular recruitment

A

recruited from primordial follicle pool (gonadotropin independent)

41
Q

cyclic follicular recruitment

A

antral follicles recruited towards ovulation during specific estrous cycle(gonadotropin dependent)

42
Q

how many follicular waves occur throughout the estrous cycle

A

2-4

43
Q

what gonadotropin are dominant follicles more dependent on

A

LH and E2

44
Q

what gonadotropin are selected follicles more dependent on

A

FSH

45
Q

Selection phase
-number selected
-hormone profile

A

-1 follicle for single bearing, more for litter bearing
-decreased FSH, LH dependence

46
Q

recruitment phase
-number selected
-hormone profile

A

-many follicles recruited
-increased FSH

47
Q

dominant phase
-number selected
-hormone profile

A

-selected follicle becomes dominant
-estrogen and inhibin(prevent FSH production)

Repro (18 decks)

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