module 7 Flashcards
define bioenergetics
study of how nutrients provide energy for an organism
define cellular metabolism
the reactions in cells that allow for life to continue
define catabolic reactions
break down biomolecules
define anabolic reactions
build and produce biomolecules
what helps nutrients and waster to cross cellular membrane
integral proteins
what do integral proteins move across in the cellular membrane
lipid bilayer
define metabolic pathway
series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that convert material to a usable product
define flux
the amount of time it takes compounds to go from beginning to end of a pathway
what intermediate do both carbs and lipids break down into
acetyl-CoA
what makes up acetyl-CoA
acetyl- 2 carbon group
CoA= coenzyme containing ribose and adenine
Once acetyl-CoA is formed where does it go
CAC cycle to create NADH
Where does NADH go once created
shuttled to ETC to create ATP via oxidative phosphorylation
In common pathway where does conversion of acetyl-CoA happen
mitochondria
Define transporters
molecules- like integral protein- move 1 molecule or type across membrane
what is significant about the membranes of mitochondria
have porous outer membrane and non-porous inner membrane
ATP produced in the inner membrane of mitochondria move to
outer membrane and then to cytosol
In cytosol ATP is used how
broken down to ATP to release energy to perform work
For enzymatic breakdown of ATP what is net change in delta G free energy
negative
what is coupling in enzymatic reactions
named for cellular processes powered by breaking ATP bonds
What is FADH2
molecule that is similar to NADH
it can be shuttled to ETC to create ATP
structure is different from NADH permits it to interact with different proteins
what is glycolysis
10 step enzymatic pathway that break down glucose and other molecules into pyruvate with energy production in form of ATP and NADH
where does glycolysis take place
in cytosol as all molecules are water-soluble
what are the first 5 steps of glycolysis called
prep phase- energy investment
what are the last 5 steps of glycolysis called
payoff phase- energy invested becomes NADH, ATP and 2 pyruvate