module 3 amino acids Flashcards
what performs most of the work in cells
proteins
how many different proteins found in the human body
20,000
What are the 5 key functions of protein in the body
transport, hormones, catalysis, structure, protection
what role does protein play in transportation in the body
help move molecules around cells and organism;
which blood based molecule carries oxygen to lungs and tissue
hemoglobin
what role does protein play in hormones
messenger between cells
which protein based hormone during childbirth help women pelvic ligaments to relax
relaxin
what role does protein play in catalysis
in catalysis: enzymes speed up reactions
example: enzyme break down protein in cell to help organism recycle proteins
which enzyme is added to laundry detergent to remove stains with protein
protease
what role does structure play in proteins
gives strength to cells, organelles and tissues
what is found in cartilage, skin and tendon that helps maintain structure
collagen
what role does proteins play in providing protection
body protects from outside protein and toxins to fight pathogens and invaders
what are an example of proteins that provide protection
anti-bodies
how many different amino acids are there
20
How many amino acids are essential and non-essential
essential: 9
non-essential: 11
What are the essential amino acids
phenylalanine, valine, tryptophan, threonine, isoleucine, methionine, histidine, leucine, and lysine.
what are the 3 basic components of an amino acid
an amine group, carboxyl group, alpha carbon
what indicates the unique part of an amino acid
the “R” : side chain of the amino acid
how do we group side chains
by charge, size and polarity
what is physiological pH and how are amino acids shown
7.4
almost all amino acids have lost the carboxyl group(-COOH) and gained a proton in the amine group(-NHs)
what are the first set of amino acids call
non- polar aliphatic and are simple as they are straight chain
which amino acids are considered non-polar aliphatic
glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, methionine
why do scientists have abbreviations
helpful to name a long string of amino acids connected to make a polymer structure
what is the size of aliphatic amino acids, where do they reside and are they water loving?
aliphatic amino acids are small( able to connect with other aliphatic amino acids), live inside the protein and go away from water( hydrophobic)