module 7 Flashcards
name the 3 estates in france in the 18th century and who they represented
first estate - clergy
second estate - nobility
third estate - commoners
name 3 figures who inspired the ideas of the enlightenment and revolution. what did they advocate for?
voltaire - attacked the church and aristocracy, advocating for freedom of speech and religion
rousseau - introduced the idea of social contract
montesquieu - proposed the separation of powers within the government to prevent despotism
the convening of the estates-general
1789
first one since 1614
louis xvi attempted to address the financial crisis and propose solutions
the third estate didn’t feel like it was being represented properly
what body did the third estate form?
national assembly
the storming of bastille
1789
led to the formation of the revolutionary municipal governments and the establishment of the national guard to protect their revolutionaries
what did the french revolution lead to?
the abolition of the monarchy
establishment of the republic
declaration of the rights of man and of citizen
the revolutionaries dismantled feudalism
church lands were nationalised and the civil constitution of the clergy reduced the power and influence of the church
who did louis xiv marry?
marie antonette in 1770 in an attempt to solidify the french and austrian allegiance
when did louis xiv ascend to the throne?
1774
when did the national assembly complete the new constitution and what was it?
1791
louis xiv was head of the state, but his powers were reduced
the majority of power was held by the legislative assembly
louis agreed reluctantly
when did louis xiv attempt to flee and what did this cause?
attempted to flee in 1791
this caused distrust towards him from the population
when was the war breaking out between austria and prussia and what did this cause?
1792
conspiracies that louis xiv was conspiring with foreign powers to undermine the revolution
when was louis xiv captured and when was he killed?
a mob stormed tuileries palace in 1792, imprisoning the royal family
louis xiv was put to trial by the national convention and sentenced to death by guillotine in 1793, marking the end of the bourbon monarchy
what was the first coalition?
put together to compat the revolutionaries
britain, austria, prussia, spain and other estates
this only furthered the appeal of the revolutionaries
when was bonaparte made emperor of the french
1804
napoleonic wars
1803-1815
napoleon would introduce the napoleonic code into captured territories, promoting meritocracy and denouncing feudalism
when was the congress of vienna and what did it attempt to do?
1815, attempted to restore the old practices and monarchy
how did the revolution impact britain?
the reform acts
how did the revolution impact spain and portugal
napoleonic invasions weakened the colonial empires
simon bolivar and jose de san martin led successful campaigns for independence
how did the revolution impact italy and germany
feudal system was removed
the napoleonic code created a sense of national identity and unity
italy was unified under victor emmanuel ii
germany was unified under otto van bismarck
how did the revolution impact russia
monarchy remained
revolutionary ideas inspired political and intellectual movements
1825 decembrist revolts saw a group of military officers make an attempt to establish a constitutional monarchy
