module 5 Flashcards
what time period did the tudors reign?
1485-1603
henry vii
1485-1509
main concern was with the consolidation of power and building up the royal treasury
financial reforms that strengthened the monarchy
ensured taxes were collected and promoted trade, especially through the merchant adventures
strategic marriages - his son arthur was married to catherine of aragon and his daughter margaret was married to james iv of scotland
henry viii
1509-1547
reign marked by political and religious upheaval
initially devout catholic, earning title of defender of the faith
1534 eventually established the church of england, making himself supreme head
dissolution of monasteries, leading to the appropriation of church lands and wealth by the crown
centralised royal authority. created the court of augmentations
enhanced the power of the privy
edward vi
1547-1553
further propelled the protestant cause
his advisors, notably the duke of somerset and duke of northumberland, enacted reforms on his part
mary i
bloody mary
1553-1558
daughter of catherine of aragon
married to phillip ii of spain
devout catholic
marian persecutions
elizabeth i
1558-1603
english culture, protestantism and exploration flourished
1559 religious settlement
the book of common prayer aimed to form a middle ground for protestant and catholic practices
act of uniformity and the act of supremacy
the globe was built, allowing for poetry and drama to flourish
didnt marry to avoid complications with foreign powers
1558 defeat of the spanish armada
1600 the east india company was formed, laying the groundwork for commercial and colonial expansion
later years were marked by economic challenges and social unrest. royal finances were strained and the poor harvests and inflation led to social discomfort
agriculture and farming during the tudor reign
dissolution of monasteries led to redistribution of land, leading to the enclosure movement. this increased profitability and productivity, but also displaced a lot of people
rise of a market economy
agriculture becoming more efficient meant surplus produce could be sold, leading to the growth of cities and towns
economic expansion was further fuelled by industries such as the woolen cloth production. english wool was highly sought after
population differences and what this meant
2.5 million in 1520 to around 4 million by 1603
led to urbanisation
put a lot of pressure on land and resources
social structures during this period
new class of wealthy landowners due to the dissolution of monasteries
traditional nobility saw their power wane, as the monarch sought to reduce their autonomy
this new gentry class played a role in local governance and administration, further centralising authority
the displacement of small farmers and commoners led to increased poverty, social unrest, vagrancy and begging, leading to the 1601 poor laws
education during this period
improved, driven by the humanist emphasis on learning and the protestant reformations emphasis on the bible
grammar schools and expansion of universities provided more education opportunity
religion during this period
the establishment of the church of england affected social cohesion
francis drake
first englishman to circumnavigate the glove. this challenged spain’s dominance overseas and showcased englands naval prowess
walter raleigh
established colonies in the new world
founded roanoke colony, and although it was unsuccessful, it paved the way for english settlements in north america in the future
east india company
1600
granted a royal charter by elizabeth i which allowed it to monopolise trade between england and the lucrative markets of the east indies
dealt with spices, silk, cotton, tea and other lucrative markets
