module 6 Flashcards
where can the origins of the habsburgs and their name be traced back to?
present-day switzerland
name derives from the habsburg castle in aargau, built around 1020
when did the habsburgs gain significant power?
13th century when rudolph of habsburg was elected king of germany in 1273 and later crowned holy roman emperor
how did the habsburgs extend their influence and what was their motto?
strategic marriages
political alliances
military conquests
‘let others wage wars; you, happy austria, marry’
maximilian i
ruled from 1493-1519
married mary of burgundy, bringing wealth from burgundian territories
phillip the handsome
maximilians son
strengthened their familys power by marrying joanna of castile, bringing together the hasburgs and spanish
they were parents of charles v
charles v
1519-1556
reigned marked the height of habsburg power
sought to maintain catholic dominance during the protestant reformation
abdicated in 1556, leading to the habsburgs being split between spanish and austrian branches
phillip ii received spain, the netherlands and overseas colonies. ferdinand i inherited the austrian lands and the title of holy roman emperor
austrian habsburg
played a crucial role in european politics, particularly through the holy roman empire
when did the holy roman empire exist from? how were the different regions governed?
962-1806
regions were governed by local rulers who owed allegiance to the emperor
this fragmentation would lead to internal conflicts but also a vibrant cultural landscape
what 2 elements did the habsburgs play a key role in?
religious matters
the crusades
the golden bull
1356
emperors were elected by prince-electors
this allowed for a degree of checks and balances
what challenges did the habsburgs face during the late medieval period?
internal fragmentation
external threats - france and the ottoman empire tested the empire’s cohesion
the italian wars (1494-1559) against france and other powers for dominance in europe
protestant reformation
religious movement from the 16th century
spurred by martin luthers 95 theses in 1517
peace of augburg
1555
you could be a catholic or a protestant
thirty years war
1618-1648
destabilised the empire
initially a conflict over religious and political issues, but expanded into a broader european war
ended with the peace of westphalia, which highlighted the sovereignity of individual states and limited the emperors power
name 3 figures to come from the holy roman empire who had a significant impact?
johannes kepler
johannes gutenberg
gottfried wilhelm leibniz
what was the final phase of the holy roman empire marked by?
the rise and conflict between austria and prussia
their conflict weakened the cohesion of the empire
what delivered the final blow to the holy roman empire
the napoleonic wars
when did the empire dissolve?
1806
marked the end of the habsburg rule of this region, but they continued dominating in austrian and central european politics
francis ii
proclaimed himself the first emperor of austria in 1804 in response to the growing power of napoleon
when and why was the austro-hungarian empire established?
1867
founded by franz joseph i
represented the final phase of habsburg rule
attempt to address the growing nationalist movement within the empire by granting hungary equal status to austria
internal and external challenges, culminating in it dissolving after ww1
who was the last emperor and when did he abdicate?
charles i, abdicated in 1918
rudolph i
1273
elected king of germany, marking the rise of the habsburgs
phillip ii of spain
1556-1598
son of charles v
ruled spain, the netherlands and overseas colonies
ferdinand ii
holy roman emperor, ruling from 1619-1637
emperor during the thirty years war
leopold i
1658-1705
significant figure in the austrian branch
defended against france and the ottomans
charles vi
1700-1740
last male habsburg ruler
issued the pragmatic sanction to ensure his daughter, maria theresa, could succeed him
maria theresa
1740-1780
implemented significant administrative, educational and military reforms
founded the house of habsburg-lorraine through her marriage to francis stephen of lorraine
francis ii (i of austria)
1804-1835
proclaimed himself the first emperor of austria in 1804
dissolved the holy roman empire in 1806
franz joseph i
1848-1916
ruled the austro-hungarian empire
dealt with internal and external challenges, including nationalist movements and ww1
charles i
1916-1918
last emperor of austria and last habsburg ruler
abdicated in 1918
