Module 7

Question 1

Stimulus modality most affects which stage of reaction time?

a.) stimulus identification
b.) response selection
c.) response programming

Answer 1

a.) stimulus identification

Question 2

Typically, responding to a visual stimulus results in a _________ in reaction time, due to __________ processing.

a.) increase; slower
b.) decrease; faster
c.) increase; faster
d.) decrease; slower

Answer 2

a.) increase; slower

Question 3

True or False: Redundant signal effect is when multiple stimuli presented together result in a faster reaction time than either in isolation.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True or False: Redundant signal effect is thought to be caused by intersensory function.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

____________ is the phase of motor learning where a person is thinking about what has to be done.

a.) cognitive
b.) associative
c.) autonomous

Answer 5

a.) cognitive

Question 6

___________ is the phase of motor learning where a person is making subtle adjustments after figuring out how to effectively do a task.

a.) cognitive
b.) associative
c.) autonomous

Answer 6

b.) associative

Question 7

_____________ is the phase of motor learning where the task is automatic, and can be performed with less interference from secondary tasks.

a.) cognitive
b.) associative
c.) autonomous

Answer 7

c.) autonomous

Question 8

_____________ is a type of learning that compares motor output to the desired or predicted output.

a.) use-dependent learning
b.) observational learning
c.) error-based learning
d.) reinforcement learning

Answer 8

c.) error-based learning

Question 9

True or False: the optimal solution will be the one that has the most variability.

Answer 9

False; least variability

Question 10

True or False: outcome is related to the ability of the learner to evaluate their own performance.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

____________ is a guess about the goal of a task.

a.) subjective error
b.) objective error

Answer 11

a.) subjective error

Question 12

___________ is the actual goal of the task.

a.) subjective error
b.) objective error

Answer 12

b.) objective error

Question 13

True or False: the majority of learning is observational.

Answer 13

False; error-based

Question 14

True or False: sensorimotor learning involves learning new mappings between motor and sensory variables.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

In the closed loop control of error based learning, a _________ is a prediction of what a person thinks is going to happen.

a.) muscle sensation
b.) response programming
c.) reference
d.) movement sensation

Answer 15

c.) reference

Question 16

The correct order in the closed loop control of error based learning is…

a.) movement sensation –> muscle sensation –> environment sensation
b.) environment sensation –> muscle sensation –> movement sensation
c.) muscle sensation –> movement sensation –> environment sensation

Answer 16

c.) muscle sensation –> movement sensation –> environment sensation

Question 17

__________ is the movement of objects in an environment that uses the visual and auditory system.

a.) proprioception
b.) exteroception

Answer 17

b.) exteroception

Question 18

_________ is information about our movements from internal sources, such as muscle spindles, Golgi Tendon organs, cutaneous receptors, prediction and reflexes.

a.) proprioception
b.) exteroception

Answer 18

a.) proprioception

Question 19

A movement must be _____ in order for a person to recognize an error and go through the closed loop system.

a.) 85 ms
b.) 150 ms
c.) 200 ms
d.) 250 ms

Answer 19

b.) 150 ms

Question 20

_________ are tiny receptors where muscle blends into tendon.

a.) muscle spindles
b.) Golgi tendon organ

Answer 20

b.) Golgi tendon organ

Question 21

True or False: Golgi tendon organ is most active when the muscle is stretched.

Answer 21

False; when producing force

Question 22

_________ provide information about position and velocity.

a.) muscle spindles
b.) Golgi tendon organ

Answer 22

a.) muscle spindles

Question 23

True or False: muscle spindles are most active when the muscle is producing force.

Answer 23

False; when it is stretched

Question 24

True or False: joint receptors only code for joint position.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Firing of joint receptors are influenced by which factors besides simple limb position?

a.) active/passive task
b.) direction of motion of the joint
c.) specific angles
d.) A and B only
e.) A and C only

Answer 25

d.) A and B only

Question 26

___________ give the brain information on pain, pressure, heat, cold and chemical stimuli.

a.) muscle receptors
b.) joint receptors
c.) cutaneous receptors

Answer 26

c.) cutaneous receptors

Question 27

True or False: muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organ are types of muscle receptors.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

___________ have one of the highest concentrations of cutaneous receptors.

a.) shoulder
b.) calf
c.) fingertips

Answer 28

c.) fingertips

Question 29

True or False: the primary somatosensory cortex is located posteriorly to the primary motor cortex (M1).

Answer 29

True

Question 30

__________ determines that there is more negativity in brain signals when an error is made, which can only be determined by EEG.

a.) ERP
b.) ERN

Answer 30

b.) ERN

Question 31

____________ ERN is associated with error prediction and error viewing.

a.) larger
b.) smaller

Answer 31

a.) larger

Question 32

___________ ERN is associated with better performance.

a.) smaller
b.) greater

Answer 32

b.) greater

Question 33

True or False: ERN can be driven by a combination of prediction, proprioception and visual feedback.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

The brain can detect an error around ______.

a.) 85 ms
b.) 150 ms
c.) 200 ms
d.) 250 ms

Answer 34

d.) 250 ms

Question 35

___________ is a cutaneous receptor located deep in the skin, activated by heavy blow or pressure.

a.) Meissner corpuscles
b.) Pacinian

Answer 35

b.) Pacinian

Question 36

True or False: the smaller the distance of the two-point detection, the less sensitive that part of the body is to detect changes.

Answer 36

False; larger the distance