Module 7 Flashcards
Stimulus modality most affects which stage of reaction time?
a.) stimulus identification
b.) response selection
c.) response programming
a.) stimulus identification
Typically, responding to a visual stimulus results in a _________ in reaction time, due to __________ processing.
a.) increase; slower
b.) decrease; faster
c.) increase; faster
d.) decrease; slower
a.) increase; slower
True or False: Redundant signal effect is when multiple stimuli presented together result in a faster reaction time than either in isolation.
True
True or False: Redundant signal effect is thought to be caused by intersensory function.
True
____________ is the phase of motor learning where a person is thinking about what has to be done.
a.) cognitive
b.) associative
c.) autonomous
a.) cognitive
___________ is the phase of motor learning where a person is making subtle adjustments after figuring out how to effectively do a task.
a.) cognitive
b.) associative
c.) autonomous
b.) associative
_____________ is the phase of motor learning where the task is automatic, and can be performed with less interference from secondary tasks.
a.) cognitive
b.) associative
c.) autonomous
c.) autonomous
_____________ is a type of learning that compares motor output to the desired or predicted output.
a.) use-dependent learning
b.) observational learning
c.) error-based learning
d.) reinforcement learning
c.) error-based learning
True or False: the optimal solution will be the one that has the most variability.
False; least variability
True or False: outcome is related to the ability of the learner to evaluate their own performance.
True
____________ is a guess about the goal of a task.
a.) subjective error
b.) objective error
a.) subjective error
___________ is the actual goal of the task.
a.) subjective error
b.) objective error
b.) objective error
True or False: the majority of learning is observational.
False; error-based
True or False: sensorimotor learning involves learning new mappings between motor and sensory variables.
True
In the closed loop control of error based learning, a _________ is a prediction of what a person thinks is going to happen.
a.) muscle sensation
b.) response programming
c.) reference
d.) movement sensation
c.) reference
The correct order in the closed loop control of error based learning is…
a.) movement sensation –> muscle sensation –> environment sensation
b.) environment sensation –> muscle sensation –> movement sensation
c.) muscle sensation –> movement sensation –> environment sensation
c.) muscle sensation –> movement sensation –> environment sensation
__________ is the movement of objects in an environment that uses the visual and auditory system.
a.) proprioception
b.) exteroception
b.) exteroception
_________ is information about our movements from internal sources, such as muscle spindles, Golgi Tendon organs, cutaneous receptors, prediction and reflexes.
a.) proprioception
b.) exteroception
a.) proprioception
A movement must be _____ in order for a person to recognize an error and go through the closed loop system.
a.) 85 ms
b.) 150 ms
c.) 200 ms
d.) 250 ms
b.) 150 ms
_________ are tiny receptors where muscle blends into tendon.
a.) muscle spindles
b.) Golgi tendon organ
b.) Golgi tendon organ
True or False: Golgi tendon organ is most active when the muscle is stretched.
False; when producing force
_________ provide information about position and velocity.
a.) muscle spindles
b.) Golgi tendon organ
a.) muscle spindles
True or False: muscle spindles are most active when the muscle is producing force.
False; when it is stretched
True or False: joint receptors only code for joint position.
False
Firing of joint receptors are influenced by which factors besides simple limb position?
a.) active/passive task
b.) direction of motion of the joint
c.) specific angles
d.) A and B only
e.) A and C only
d.) A and B only
___________ give the brain information on pain, pressure, heat, cold and chemical stimuli.
a.) muscle receptors
b.) joint receptors
c.) cutaneous receptors
c.) cutaneous receptors
True or False: muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organ are types of muscle receptors.
True
___________ have one of the highest concentrations of cutaneous receptors.
a.) shoulder
b.) calf
c.) fingertips
c.) fingertips
True or False: the primary somatosensory cortex is located posteriorly to the primary motor cortex (M1).
True
__________ determines that there is more negativity in brain signals when an error is made, which can only be determined by EEG.
a.) ERP
b.) ERN
b.) ERN
____________ ERN is associated with error prediction and error viewing.
a.) larger
b.) smaller
a.) larger
___________ ERN is associated with better performance.
a.) smaller
b.) greater
b.) greater
True or False: ERN can be driven by a combination of prediction, proprioception and visual feedback.
True
The brain can detect an error around ______.
a.) 85 ms
b.) 150 ms
c.) 200 ms
d.) 250 ms
d.) 250 ms
___________ is a cutaneous receptor located deep in the skin, activated by heavy blow or pressure.
a.) Meissner corpuscles
b.) Pacinian
b.) Pacinian
True or False: the smaller the distance of the two-point detection, the less sensitive that part of the body is to detect changes.
False; larger the distance
