Module 7

Question 1

Define Primary Health Care

Answer 1

comprehensive care that includes disease prevention, community development, a wide spectrum of services and programs, working in interprofessional teams, and intersectoral collaboration for healthy public policy

Question 2

Define social justice

Answer 2

the fair distribution of society’s benefits, responsibilities and their consequences

–>focuses on the relative position of one social group in relation to others in society as well as on the root causes of disparities and what can be done to eliminate them

Question 3

What declaration is the basis for primary health care?

Answer 3

the declaration of Alma-Ata

Question 4

What are the minimum expectations for Primary Health Care?

Answer 4

-access to education
-immunizations
-food security
-prevision of essential medication
-sanitation
-family planning
-clean water

Question 5

What are the principles of Primary Health Care?

Answer 5

-accessibility
-health promotion
-public participation
-intersectoral collaboration
-appropriate technology

Question 6

Define public health

Answer 6

An organized activity of society to promote, protect, improve, and when necessary, restore the health of individuals, specified groups, or the entire population

–It is a combination of sciences, skills, and values that function though collective societal activities and involves programs, services, and institutions aimed at protecting and improving the health of all people

Question 7

What are the public health activities and program areas?

Answer 7

1) health protection
2) health promotion
3) population health assessment
4) health surveillance
5) disease and injury prevention
6) emergency preparedness and response

Question 8

Define population

Answer 8

large group of people who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics

ex. the population of Winnipeg

Question 9

Define subpopulation or aggregate

Answer 9

a group within a population (subpopulation)

ex. pregnant women in Winnipeg with gestational diabetes

Question 10

Define population health

Answer 10

health outcomes of a population as measured by the determinants of health and health status indicators

Question 11

What are Canada’s specific health goals?

Answer 11

1) basic needs (social and physical environments)
2) belonging and engagement
3) healthy living
4) a system for health

holistic health for all

Question 12

What are the current priorities to improve integrated health care for Canadians?

Answer 12

1) expanding access to family health services, including in rural and remote areas
2)supporting our health workers and reducing backlogs
3) improving access to quality mental health and substance use services
4) modernizing the health care system with standardized health data and digital tools

Question 13

What is a health program?

Answer 13

a variety of planned activities to address the assessed health concerns of patients and builds on patient strengths to meet specific goals and objectives

Question 14

What are the 4 steps of the health program management process?

Answer 14

assessing
planning
implementation
evaluation

Question 15

Describe the Logic Model

Answer 15

-uses a diagram
-involves stakeholders
-shows linear linkages towards outcomes

situation, inputs, outputs, outcomes

Question 16

What are the two most commonly used models for health program planning?

Answer 16

program logic model and precede-proceed model

Question 17

Describe the precede-proceed model

Answer 17

-comprehensive but complex with 9 phases
-precede– uses phases 1-5 for systematic planning and evaluation setting the direction and objectives of the program
-proceed– uses phases 6-9 in implementation and evaluation of health promotion and education interventions

Question 18

What are the 2 assumptions of the precede-proceed model?

Answer 18

1) multiple factors create health risk/ health

2) multisectoral, high dimensional participatory approaches are required to affect behavioural, environmental and social change

Question 19

Define assessment

Answer 19

a systematic appraisal of the type, depth, and scope of health concerns and strengths as perceived by patients, health care providers, or both

Question 20

Define SMART objectives

Answer 20

specific, measurable statements that identify the steps planned to reach the overall health program goal

specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, time frame

Question 21

What is a health program evaluation?

Question 22

What is the major benefit of health program evaluation?

Answer 22

A systematic process that examines the intended and unintended impacts of a health program. An evaluation produces data to inform decision making about ways to support health programs and best use resources.

Question 23

What are the steps for evaluating public health programs?

Answer 23

focus
choose
design or revise
collect and analyze
make decisions

Question 24

What are the 2 types of program evaluation?

Answer 24

1. Process/formative– used in program delivery while it is developing. Assesses the need for the program and focuses on key stakeholders and what the program does (for making program improvements)
2. Outcome/summative– results or effects of program are the focus. Helps determine whether to continue, adjust or end the program. Is the program having its intended impact? What changed as a result of the program?

Question 25

What are the 7 criteria for health program evaluations?

Answer 25

1) relevance
2) adequacy
3) progress
4) efficiency
5) effectiveness
6) impact
7) sustainability