Module 2 Flashcards
What is the medical model of health?
“absence of disease”– measured by indicators of disease, individual level and focus is on problems and cures
What is different about the WHO concept of health compared to the medical model?
more holistic– the idea of a complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is the Ottawa Charter’s definition of health?
“an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment”
-health is viewed as a resource
-it helps us live our everyday lives
-it includes social and personal resources besides physical capacities
What are risk factors of poor health?
social, economic or biological status, behaviours or environments which are associated with or cause increased susceptibility to a specific disease, ill health, or injury
What is risk reduction?
a disease prevention strategy used to reduce or alter health concerns so that any disease is detected and treated early to prevent moving to a high-risk level
What is harm reduction?
a set of strategies and ideas aimed at reducing harm to an individual or society by modifying harmful or hazardous behaviours that are difficult and, in some cases, impossible to prevent
What is resiliency?
processes and skills that result in good individual and community health outcomes in the face of negative events, serious threats and hazards
Describe the 1974 Lalonde report?
-report that moved biomedical towards health promotion
-increased knowledge in human biology
-modifications to lifestyle choices
-comprehensive approach to health care
-environmental improvements
Describe the Alma-Ata Declaration (1978)
-focused on primary health care as a way to address inequalities in health status between developed and developing countries
-primary health care looked beyond the health care sector and identified social and environmental conditions as determinants of health
-increased awareness of need for intersectoral cooperation
-power shifted from HCP’s to communities and consumers of health care services
What is primary health care?
comprehensive care that includes disease prevention, community development, a wide spectrum of services and programs, working in interprofessional teams and intersectoral collaboration for healthy public policy
What are the pre-requisites for health as determined by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 1986?
-peace
-sustainable resources
-social justice
-equity
-food
-a stable ecosystem
-shelter
-education
-income
What are the 3 strategies laid out by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?
-advocate
-enable
-mediate
What are the 5 major actions or means laid out in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?
-build healthy public policy
-create supportive environments
-strengthen community action
-develop personal skills
-reorient health services
Describe the Epp Report (1986)
Goal: health for all
Focused on:
1) the need to reduce health inequities between low and high-income groups
2) the need to reduce or eliminate risk for injury, disease, and disability
3) the need to enhance coping ability to help manage chronic conditions, mental health problems, and disabilities
What are the 3 health promotion mechanisms of the Epp Report (1986)?
-self-care
-mutual aid
-healthy environments
