Module 6 Test Flashcards
What was the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
A labor union founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that focused on skilled workers and advocated for better wages, hours, and working conditions.
What was the Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876)?
A battle in which Sioux and Cheyenne warriors, led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, defeated General Custer and his troops.
What was the Billion Dollar Congress?
A Republican-led Congress (1889–1891) that passed costly legislation, including pensions for Civil War veterans and increased government spending.
Who were the Buffalo Soldiers?
African American soldiers who served in the western frontier following the Civil War.
What is collective bargaining?
The negotiation of wages and working conditions between employers and labor unions.
What was the Comstock Lode?
A rich deposit of silver discovered in Nevada in 1859 that attracted miners and boosted economic growth.
What is corporate capitalism?
An economic system dominated by large corporations and monopolies.
What was Coxey’s Army?
A protest march in 1894 led by Jacob Coxey to demand government jobs for the unemployed during an economic depression.
What was the Dawes Act (1887)?
A law that attempted to assimilate Native Americans by dividing their land into individual plots.
What is deflation?
A decrease in the general price level of goods and services, often harming farmers and debtors.
What was the eugenics movement?
A pseudo-scientific movement aimed at improving the genetic quality of human populations.
What was the Farmers’ Alliance?
A movement in the 1870s-1880s that sought to improve conditions for farmers through cooperatives and political advocacy.
What was the Ghost Dance movement?
A Native American spiritual movement that aimed to restore their lands and way of life, ending in the Wounded Knee Massacre.
What was the Gilded Age?
A term describing the post-Civil War era (1870s-1900) marked by industrialization, corruption, and economic inequality.
What is the main idea of Andrew Carnegie’s “The Gospel of Wealth”?
The wealthy should use their riches to benefit society through philanthropy.
What was the Grange?
An organization founded in 1867 to support farmers against railroads and big businesses.
What was the Haymarket Riot (1886)?
A labor protest in Chicago that turned violent when a bomb exploded, leading to a backlash against labor movements.
What was the Homestead Act (1862)?
A law that gave 160 acres of land to settlers who lived on and improved it for five years.
What was the Homestead Strike (1892)?
A violent labor strike at Carnegie Steel Company that resulted in deaths and the weakening of labor unions.
What is horizontal integration?
A business strategy where a company buys out competitors to dominate an industry, used by John D. Rockefeller.
What was the Interstate Commerce Act (1887)?
A law that regulated railroads to ensure fair rates and prevent monopolistic practices.
What was the Knights of Labor?
A labor union founded in 1869 that included all workers and sought broad social reforms.
What was the Panic of 1893?
A severe economic depression caused by railroad failures and bank collapses.
What was Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?
A Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine.
What was the Populist movement?
A political movement advocating for farmers and workers against big business and government corruption.
What was the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)?
A law aimed at breaking up monopolies and promoting competition.
What was the significance of the Transcontinental Railroad (1869)?
The first railroad connecting the East and West Coasts, revolutionizing transportation and commerce.
What was the Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)?
The killing of hundreds of Lakota Sioux by U.S. troops, marking the end of Native American resistance.
Who was Alexander Graham Bell?
Inventor of the telephone.
Who was Henry Bessemer?
Developer of the Bessemer process for steel production.
Who was William Jennings Bryan?
Democratic and Populist leader famous for his “Cross of Gold” speech.
Who was Andrew Carnegie?
Industrialist who led the expansion of the steel industry and wrote “The Gospel of Wealth.”
Who was Grover Cleveland?
The only U.S. president to serve two non-consecutive terms.
Who was Jacob Coxey?
Leader of Coxey’s Army, a protest for unemployed workers.
Who was George Custer?
U.S. general defeated at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
Who was Eugene V. Debs?
Labor leader and socialist politician who led the Pullman Strike.
Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?
Civil rights leader who opposed Booker T. Washington’s views on racial progress.
Who was Thomas Edison?
Inventor of the light bulb and phonograph.
Who was Geronimo?
Apache leader who resisted U.S. expansion.
Who was Samuel Gompers?
Founder of the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
Who was Jay Gould?
Railroad magnate known for stock market manipulation.
Who was Henry Grady?
Promoter of the “New South.”
Who was Chief Joseph?
Nez Perce leader who resisted U.S. expansion.
Who was William McKinley?
President who led the U.S. into the Spanish-American War.
Who was J.P. Morgan?
Influential banker and financier.
Who was Terence Powderly?
Leader of the Knights of Labor.
Who was George Pullman?
Industrialist known for luxury railcars and the Pullman Strike.
Who was Jacob Riis?
Photographer and social reformer who exposed urban poverty.
Who was John D. Rockefeller?
Founder of Standard Oil and pioneer of horizontal integration.
Who was Sitting Bull?
Lakota leader who fought at Little Bighorn.
Who was Frederick Jackson Turner?
Historian known for the “Frontier Thesis.”
Who was Boss Tweed?
Leader of Tammany Hall, known for political corruption.
