Module 6 Test Flashcards
What was the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
A labor union founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that focused on skilled workers and advocated for better wages, hours, and working conditions.
What was the Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876)?
A battle in which Sioux and Cheyenne warriors, led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, defeated General Custer and his troops.
What was the Billion Dollar Congress?
A Republican-led Congress (1889–1891) that passed costly legislation, including pensions for Civil War veterans and increased government spending.
Who were the Buffalo Soldiers?
African American soldiers who served in the western frontier following the Civil War.
What is collective bargaining?
The negotiation of wages and working conditions between employers and labor unions.
What was the Comstock Lode?
A rich deposit of silver discovered in Nevada in 1859 that attracted miners and boosted economic growth.
What is corporate capitalism?
An economic system dominated by large corporations and monopolies.
What was Coxey’s Army?
A protest march in 1894 led by Jacob Coxey to demand government jobs for the unemployed during an economic depression.
What was the Dawes Act (1887)?
A law that attempted to assimilate Native Americans by dividing their land into individual plots.
What is deflation?
A decrease in the general price level of goods and services, often harming farmers and debtors.
What was the eugenics movement?
A pseudo-scientific movement aimed at improving the genetic quality of human populations.
What was the Farmers’ Alliance?
A movement in the 1870s-1880s that sought to improve conditions for farmers through cooperatives and political advocacy.
What was the Ghost Dance movement?
A Native American spiritual movement that aimed to restore their lands and way of life, ending in the Wounded Knee Massacre.
What was the Gilded Age?
A term describing the post-Civil War era (1870s-1900) marked by industrialization, corruption, and economic inequality.
What is the main idea of Andrew Carnegie’s “The Gospel of Wealth”?
The wealthy should use their riches to benefit society through philanthropy.
What was the Grange?
An organization founded in 1867 to support farmers against railroads and big businesses.
What was the Haymarket Riot (1886)?
A labor protest in Chicago that turned violent when a bomb exploded, leading to a backlash against labor movements.
What was the Homestead Act (1862)?
A law that gave 160 acres of land to settlers who lived on and improved it for five years.
What was the Homestead Strike (1892)?
A violent labor strike at Carnegie Steel Company that resulted in deaths and the weakening of labor unions.
What is horizontal integration?
A business strategy where a company buys out competitors to dominate an industry, used by John D. Rockefeller.
What was the Interstate Commerce Act (1887)?
A law that regulated railroads to ensure fair rates and prevent monopolistic practices.
What was the Knights of Labor?
A labor union founded in 1869 that included all workers and sought broad social reforms.
What was the Panic of 1893?
A severe economic depression caused by railroad failures and bank collapses.
What was Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?
A Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine.
