Module 4 Test

Question 1

What was the American System, and who promoted it?

Answer 1

A comprehensive economic plan proposed by Henry Clay in the early 19th century that advocated for a national bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements.

Question 2

What was the Adams-Onis Treaty (1819), and what did it accomplish?

Answer 2

An agreement between the U.S. and Spain in which Spain ceded Florida to the U.S. and established a boundary between the U.S. and Spanish territories.

Question 3

What was the Alamo, and why is it significant in Texas history?

Answer 3

A historic battle in 1836 during the Texas Revolution in which 180 Texan defenders were killed by the Mexican Army, becoming a rallying cry for Texan independence.

Question 4

What was the American Anti-Slavery Society, and what was its goal?

Answer 4

A leading abolitionist organization founded in 1833 that advocated for the immediate emancipation of enslaved people and equal rights for African Americans.

Question 5

What was the American System of Manufacturing, and how did it change American industry?

Answer 5

A system of production that used interchangeable parts, leading to greater efficiency and mass production, particularly in industries like firearms and textiles.

Question 6

What was the Amistad mutiny, and how did it impact the abolitionist movement?

Answer 6

A revolt aboard the Spanish ship Amistad by enslaved Africans in 1839, which led to a landmark legal case in the U.S. and brought national attention to the fight against slavery.

Question 7

What were the Barbary States, and how did they affect early U.S. foreign policy?

Answer 7

North African states (Tripoli, Algiers, Tunis, and Morocco) that demanded tribute from the U.S. for safe passage of American ships, leading to the Barbary Wars.

Question 8

What was the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814), and why was it significant?

Answer 8

A battle in the War of 1812 where Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek Nation, effectively ending Creek resistance and opening up lands in Alabama and Georgia for American settlement.

Question 9

What was the Battle of New Orleans (1815), and what was its outcome?

Answer 9

A significant U.S. victory in the War of 1812, led by Andrew Jackson, that made him a national hero and boosted American morale.

Question 10

What is the Boom-bust cycle, and how did it impact the U.S. economy in the 19th century?

Answer 10

A pattern of economic growth followed by rapid contraction, leading to periodic financial crises, including the Panic of 1819 and Panic of 1837.

Question 11

What was Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831), and what was its outcome?

Answer 11

A Supreme Court case where the Cherokee Nation sought to protect its land rights against Georgia’s encroachment. The Court ruled that the Cherokee were a ‘domestic dependent nation’ with no standing to sue.

Question 12

What was the “Come Outer” movement, and what did it advocate?

Answer 12

A movement that urged Northern people to withdraw from any economic or social involvement with the South, particularly by not supporting slavery indirectly.

Question 13

What was the Corps of Discovery, and who led it?

Answer 13

The expedition led by Lewis and Clark from 1804-1806 to explore the Louisiana Territory and map the western portion of the United States.

Question 14

What was the “Corrupt bargain” of 1824?

Answer 14

A political controversy in the 1824 presidential election, where John Quincy Adams was accused of making a deal with Henry Clay to secure the presidency, sidelining Andrew Jackson despite Jackson winning the popular vote.

Question 15

What was the Cotton gin, and how did it impact slavery?

Answer 15

An invention by Eli Whitney in 1793 that made cotton processing more efficient, leading to an expansion of cotton production and an increased demand for enslaved labor in the South.

Question 16

What was the Cult of Domesticity, and how did it influence women’s roles in the 19th century?

Answer 16

A belief that women’s roles should be centered on home and family life, emphasizing piety, purity, domesticity, and submissiveness.

Question 17

What was the Declaration of Sentiments, and what did it advocate?

Answer 17

A document signed at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 that outlined the demands for women’s rights, including the right to vote, and called for gender equality.

Question 18

What was the Democratic Party, and how did it develop in the early 19th century?

Answer 18

A political party founded by Andrew Jackson and his supporters in the 1820s, advocating for a limited federal government, states’ rights, and the interests of the ‘common man.’

Question 19

What was deskilling, and how did it affect labor in the Market Revolution?

Answer 19

The process by which work was broken down into smaller, repetitive tasks that reduced the need for skilled workers, making labor more interchangeable and easier to control.

Question 20

What was the Embargo Act (1807), and what were its consequences?

Answer 20

A law passed by President Jefferson that prohibited American ships from trading with foreign nations, intended to avoid conflict but leading to significant economic distress.

Question 21

What was the Erie Canal, and why was it important?

Answer 21

A canal completed in 1825 that connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie, facilitating trade and transportation, which helped stimulate economic growth in the U.S.

Question 22

What was the Free-Soil Party, and what was its main goal?

Answer 22

A political party that emerged in the 1840s, primarily opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories, advocating for free labor and land for white settlers.

Question 23

What was the Force Bill (1833), and what did it authorize?

Answer 23

Legislation that allowed President Andrew Jackson to use military force to enforce federal tariffs during the Nullification Crisis.

Question 24

What was the Gag Rule (1836-1844), and what did it do?

Answer 24

A rule in the U.S. House of Representatives that prevented the discussion of anti-slavery petitions, which was later repealed due to abolitionist protests.

Question 25

What was the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804), and how did it influence the Americas?

Answer 25

A successful slave rebellion in Haiti that led to the establishment of the first independent black republic and inspired abolitionist movements in the U.S.

Question 26

What was the Hartford Convention (1814), and what did it express?

Answer 26

A meeting of Federalist leaders during the War of 1812 who expressed dissatisfaction with the war and discussed the possibility of New England seceding from the Union.

Question 27

What was the Hudson River School, and what did it represent?

Answer 27

A group of American landscape painters in the 19th century that celebrated the natural beauty of the American landscape and the ideals of the Romantic movement.

Question 28

What was the Indian Removal Act (1830), and what did it authorize?

Answer 28

Legislation signed by President Andrew Jackson that authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes to lands west of the Mississippi River.

Question 29

What is judicial review, and how was it established?

Answer 29

The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional, established by Marbury v. Madison (1803).

Question 30

What was the Judiciary Act (1789), and what did it establish?

Answer 30

Legislation that established the federal judiciary, creating the Supreme Court and lower federal courts, and set the size of the Supreme Court.

Question 31

What was The Liberator, and who founded it?

Answer 31

An abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831, advocating for the immediate emancipation of enslaved people.

Question 32

What was the Liberty Party, and what did it stand for?

Answer 32

A political party founded in the 1840s that was focused on the abolition of slavery and supported free soil and free labor principles.

Question 33

What was the Louisiana Purchase (1803), and why was it significant?

Answer 33

The acquisition of territory from France that doubled the size of the United States and opened up vast areas for westward expansion.

Question 34

What was Marbury v. Madison (1803), and what was its significance?

Answer 34

A landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review, affirming the Court’s power to declare laws unconstitutional.

Question 35

What was the Market Revolution, and how did it change the U.S. economy?

Answer 35

A transformation in the U.S. economy during the 19th century, marked by the growth of industrialization, transportation networks, and market-driven agriculture.

Question 36

What was McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), and what was its outcome?

Answer 36

A Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of the national bank and established the principle of federal supremacy over state laws.

Question 37

What was the Missouri Compromise (1820), and what did it achieve?

Answer 37

A compromise that allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state while prohibiting slavery north of the 36°30′ line.

Question 38

What was the Monroe Doctrine (1823), and what did it state?

Answer 38

A U.S. foreign policy that warned European powers against interfering in the Western Hemisphere and asserted that the U.S. would not involve itself in European conflicts.

Question 39

What was the Multiplier effect, and how did it relate to the economy?

Answer 39

The concept that an initial economic investment leads to greater overall economic growth as the investment circulates through the economy.

Question 40

What was a Mutual-aid society, and what role did it play in 19th-century America?

Answer 40

Organizations formed to provide financial and social support to members, especially among immigrants and working-class people.

Question 41

Who were Nat Turner and what was his rebellion?

Answer 41

Nat Turner led a violent slave revolt in Virginia in 1831, which resulted in the deaths of dozens of white people and led to harsh retaliation against enslaved people.

Question 42

What was the National Republican Party, and how did it differ from the Democratic Party?

Answer 42

A political party formed in the 1820s, advocating for strong federal government policies, internal improvements, and a national bank, which later merged into the Whig Party.

Question 43

What was the National Road, and why was it important?

Answer 43

The first major federal highway, built between 1811 and 1837, that facilitated westward expansion and trade.

Question 44

Who were the Nativists, and what did they advocate?

Answer 44

People who opposed immigration and believed that native-born Americans should have greater rights than immigrants, particularly those from non-European countries.

Question 45

What was the Non-Intercourse Act (1809), and what did it replace?

Answer 45

A law that replaced the Embargo Act of 1807 and allowed trade with countries other than Britain and France, aiming to avoid conflict while still protecting American interests.

Question 46

What was North Star, and who published it?

Answer 46

An abolitionist newspaper published by Frederick Douglass from 1847 to 1860, advocating for the emancipation of enslaved people.

Question 47

What was the Nullification Crisis (1832-1833), and how was it resolved?

Answer 47

A confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government over the Tariff of 1828, which South Carolina declared null and void. It was resolved when Congress passed a compromise tariff, and South Carolina backed down.

Question 48

What was the Ordinance of Nullification (1832), and what did it declare?

Answer 48

A South Carolina declaration that federal tariffs were null and void within the state, which led to a standoff with President Jackson and eventually the Force Bill.

Question 49

What was the Panic of 1819, and what caused it?

Answer 49

The first major financial crisis in the U.S. after the War of 1812, caused by land speculation, a banking crisis, and a collapse in international trade.

Question 50

What was the Panic of 1837, and how did it affect the economy?

Answer 50

A major financial crisis caused by speculative lending, the collapse of the second bank of the U.S., and a decline in international trade that led to widespread unemployment and economic depression.

Question 51

What was the Romantic era, and how did it influence American culture?

Answer 51

A cultural movement in the early 19th century that emphasized emotion, individualism, and the beauty of nature, influencing art, literature, and philosophy.

Question 52

What was the Second Bank of the United States, and why was it controversial?

Answer 52

A national bank created in 1816 that was central to the U.S. economy but faced opposition, particularly from President Andrew Jackson, who believed it concentrated too much power in the hands of elites.

Question 53

What was the Second Great Awakening, and what were its main goals?

Answer 53

A religious revival movement in the early 19th century that aimed to renew individual piety and promote social reform, including the abolition of slavery and the promotion of women’s rights.

Question 54

What was the Second Seminole War (1835-1842), and what was its outcome?

Answer 54

A conflict between the U.S. and the Seminole people in Florida, resulting in the forced removal of many Seminoles to Oklahoma.

Question 55

What were Separate spheres, and how did they shape gender roles in the 19th century?

Answer 55

A concept that men and women had separate roles in society, with men in public life and women in domestic life, reinforcing gender inequality.

Question 56

What was the Spoils system, and who implemented it?

Answer 56

A practice of awarding government jobs to political supporters, introduced by President Andrew Jackson as part of his effort to reward loyal Democrats.

Question 57

What were the Tariffs of Abominations (1828), and why were they controversial?

Answer 57

A set of tariffs passed in 1828 that protected Northern industries but angered Southern states, leading to the Nullification Crisis.

Question 58

What was the Tariff of 1816, and what was its purpose?

Answer 58

A protective tariff aimed at shielding American industries from foreign competition after the War of 1812, particularly from British goods.

Question 59

What was the Tariff of 1828, and how did it affect the South?

Answer 59

A tariff that raised duties on imported goods, which Southern states considered unfair, contributing to the Nullification Crisis.

Question 60

What is a Tejano, and what role did they play in the Texas Revolution?

Answer 60

A person of Mexican descent living in Texas who played a significant role in the Texas Revolution, often siding with American settlers for independence from Mexico.

Question 61

What was the Temperance movement, and what did it aim to accomplish?

Answer 61

A social movement aimed at reducing alcohol consumption, advocating for the prohibition of alcohol to improve public morality and social conditions.

Question 62

What was the Trail of Tears, and who was affected by it?

Answer 62

The forced relocation of Native American nations, particularly the Cherokee, from their ancestral lands to Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma), resulting in the deaths of thousands of Native Americans.

Question 63

What is Transcendentalism, and who were its main proponents?

Answer 63

A philosophical and literary movement that emphasized individualism, nature, and self-reliance, led by figures such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.

Question 64

What was the Treaty of Ghent (1814), and what did it conclude?

Answer 64

A treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain, restoring pre-war boundaries but resolving few of the underlying issues.

Question 65

What was the Treaty of New Echota (1835), and what did it result in?

Answer 65

A treaty signed by a faction of the Cherokee that ceded their lands in the southeastern U.S. to the federal government, leading to the forced relocation of the Cherokee people on the Trail of Tears.

Question 66

What was the Union during the 19th century in the United States?

Answer 66

The United States as a unified nation, particularly in the context of the Civil War, where the Union referred to the northern states that opposed the secession of the Confederacy.

Question 67

What were Utopian societies, and what were their main characteristics?

Answer 67

Communities or groups organized around the idea of creating a perfect society, often with shared property, common labor, and egalitarian principles, such as the Shakers and Oneida communities.

Question 68

What was the War of 1812, and what were its key causes?

Answer 68

A conflict between the United States and Britain, caused by British interference with American shipping, impressment of American sailors, and British support for Native American resistance to U.S. expansion.

Question 69

What was the Whig Party, and what did it stand for?

Answer 69

A political party formed in the 1830s in opposition to Andrew Jackson’s policies, advocating for a strong national government, economic modernization, and reforms in banking and internal improvements.

Question 70

What is the concept of White supremacy, and how did it manifest in early U.S. history?

Answer 70

The belief that white people are superior to all other races, which was used to justify slavery, discrimination, and segregation, particularly in the southern United States.

Question 71

Who were the Yeoman farmers, and what role did they play in early U.S. agriculture?

Answer 71

Small-scale farmers who worked their own land without relying on enslaved labor, often considered the backbone of the Southern economy before the rise of large plantations.

Question 72

Who was John Quincy Adams, and what was his role in U.S. politics?

Answer 72

The sixth president of the United States (1825-1829), known for his role in shaping foreign policy, including the Monroe Doctrine, and his involvement in the “corrupt bargain” of 1824.

Question 73

Who was Napoleon Bonaparte, and how did his actions affect the United States?

Answer 73

The French emperor whose defeat in Europe led to the sale of the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. in the Louisiana Purchase.

Question 74

Who was John C. Calhoun, and what were his major contributions to U.S. politics?

Answer 74

A U.S. politician from South Carolina who served as vice president and later as a senator, known for his advocacy of states’ rights and his role in the Nullification Crisis.

Question 75

Who was William Clark, and what was his role in the Lewis and Clark Expedition?

Answer 75

An American explorer and co-leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, which explored the western territories of the United States after the Louisiana Purchase.

Question 76

Who was Henry Clay, and what was his role in American politics?

Answer 76

A prominent politician and leader of the Whig Party, known for his role in crafting the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, as well as his support for internal improvements.

Question 77

Who was Thomas Cole, and what was his significance in American art?

Answer 77

A leading figure in the Hudson River School of painting, known for his landscape works that emphasized the beauty and grandeur of the American wilderness.

Question 78

Who was Frederick Douglass, and what was his impact on American society?

Answer 78

A former enslaved African American who became a leading abolitionist, writer, and orator, advocating for the rights of African Americans and the emancipation of enslaved people.

Question 79

Who was Ralph Waldo Emerson, and what were his contributions to American thought?

Answer 79

A philosopher, essayist, and leader of the Transcendentalist movement, advocating for self-reliance, individualism, and a deep connection with nature.

Question 80

Who was Charles Grandison Finney, and what was his role in the Second Great Awakening?

Answer 80

A prominent preacher during the Second Great Awakening, known for his emotional revival meetings and emphasis on personal salvation and social reform.