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General Physiology > MODULE 6 | Reproductive System > Flashcards

MODULE 6 | Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Reproductive System

A

• Production of gametes
• Fertilization.
• Development and nourishment of a new
individual
• Production of reproductive hormones

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2
Q

FUNCTIONS
• To manufacture, maintain, nourish,
transport, and facilitate the
discharge of sperm cells.
• To release alkaline fluid (pre-
ejaculatory fluid)
• To produce and secrete male sex
hormones

A

Male Reproductive System

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3
Q

sac-like organ made of skin and
muscles that houses the testes

A

Scrotum

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4
Q

Scrotum is divided into right and left internal
compartments by an incomplete
connective tissue _________.

A

septum

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5
Q

Function of scrotum

A

For thermoregulation

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6
Q

SCROTUM

Beneath the skin are a layer of loose
connective tissue and a layer of
smooth muscle called the ________.

A

dartos
muscle

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7
Q

extensions of abdominal muscles
into the scrotum, called ________.

A

cremaster
muscles

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8
Q

are the male gonads responsible for the
production of sperm and testosterone

A

Testes

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9
Q

The lobules contain ___________, in which sperm cells develop.

A

seminiferous
tubules

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10
Q

They
nourish the germ cells and produce a
number of hormones.

A

Sertoli cells

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11
Q

Delicate connective tissue surrounding the
seminiferous tubules contains clusters of
endocrine cells called interstitial cells, or
_______________, which secrete testosterone.

A

Leydig cells

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12
Q

a tightly coiled series of thread-like
tubules that form a comma-shaped
structure on the posterior side of the
testis

A

Epididymis

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13
Q

Receives immature sperm from testis

A

Epididymis

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14
Q

Special feature of epididymis

A

Stereocilia

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15
Q

emerges from the epididymis and ascends
along the posterior side of the testis to become
associated with the blood vessels and nerves
that supply the testis.

A

Vas deferens

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16
Q

Ductus deferens

A

Vas deferens

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17
Q

a sugar that provides sperm with
energy

A

Fructose

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18
Q

which helps to neutralize the acidic
nature of the female vagina

A

Alkaline fluid

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19
Q

like semenogelin, which forms a gel-like
protective layer around sperm

A

Proteins

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20
Q

which help sperm
move

A

Phosphorus and potassium

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21
Q

hormones that have a role in
lowering the female immune response to semen

A

Prostaglandins

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22
Q

releases the fluid in male Reproductive System

A

Seminal vesicle

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23
Q

created when the seminal vesicle’s
duct merges with the vas deferens.

A

Ejaculatory duct

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24
Q

a part of
the male anatomy that allows the
flow of sperm from the testes
through the reproductive system
and eventually out through the
urethra.

A

Ejaculatory duct

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25
Q

consists of both
glandular and muscular tissue and is
about the size and shape of a walnut.

A

Prostate gland

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26
Q

surrounds the urethra
and the two ejaculatory ducts.

A

Prostate gland

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27
Q

Cowper gland

A

Bulbourethral gland

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28
Q

a pair of small, mucus-
secreting glands located near the
base of the penis.

A

Cowper gland

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29
Q

Secretes alkaline fluid that
Neutralizes traces of acidic urine in
the urethra

A

Cowper gland

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30
Q

extends from the
urinary bladder to the distal end of the
penis.

A

Urethra

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31
Q

Main feature of male urethra

A

Urethral sphincter

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32
Q

is a passageway for both
urine and male reproductive fluids.

A

Urethra

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33
Q

is the male organ of
copulation and functions in the
transfer of sperm cells from the
male to the female.

A

Penis

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34
Q

A loose fold of skin, called the
foreskin, covers the
glans penis.

A

Prepuce

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35
Q

Fluid in the space between testes and tunica vaginalis

A

Hydrocele

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36
Q

Cause by the inflammation or injury in the scrotum or along the channel or can be caused by other condition such as epididymitis

A

Hydrocele

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37
Q

Is the swelling and inflammation of the prostate gland

A

Prostatitis

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38
Q

An undescended testicle is a testicle that hasn’t moved into the proper position in the bag of skin hanging below the penis (scrotum) before birth.

A

Cryptorchidism

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39
Q

A cord known as the spermatic cord carries blood to the testicles.

A

Testicular Torsion

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40
Q

Is the inability to get and keep an erection from enough for sex.

A

Erectile Dysfunction

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41
Q

A clinical condition in male Reproductive System where it is a skin disorder characterized by the development of multiple noncancerous (benign) cysts known as steatocystomas

A

Steatocystoma Multipex

42
Q

Function of Female Reproductive System

A

➢ Produces eggs (ova)
➢ Produce and Secretes sex
hormones
➢ Receives the spermatozoa
➢ Protects and nourishes the
fertilized egg
➢ Delivers fetus through birth
canal

43
Q

➢ Two small organs suspended in pelvic
cavity by ligaments

A

Ovaries

44
Q

extends from
each ovary to the lateral body wall

A

Suspensory ligament

45
Q

attaches the ovary
to the superior margin of the uterus

A

Ovarian ligament

46
Q

➢ The ovarian arteries, veins, and
nerves traverse the suspensory
ligament and enter the ovary through
the __________.

A

Mesovarium

47
Q

The covering layer of ovaries

A

Visceral peritoneum

48
Q

The outer layer of ovaries

A

Dense connective tissue

49
Q

The inner layer of ovaries

A

Loose connective tissue

50
Q

Main function of ovaries

A

➢ Produces Egg cell
➢ Produce Sex Hormones

51
Q

➢ Also known as uterine tube or oviduct

A

Fallopian Tube

52
Q

extend from the area of the ovaries to
the uterus

A

Fallopian Tube

53
Q

Long, thin processes in the opening of uterine
tube

A

Fimbria

54
Q

Main feature of fimbria

A

Cilia

55
Q

sweep the oocyte into the uterine tube

A

Cilia

56
Q

part of the uterine tube near the ovary where
fertilization usually occurs

A

Ampulla

57
Q

With Mucus-secreting cells
▪ Produces Peritoneal Fluid

A

Fallopian tube

58
Q

➢ Propels the ovum

A

Fallopian tube

59
Q

Houses and nourishes the developing
embryo

A

Uterus

60
Q

Parts of uterus

A

• fundus
• body
• cervix

61
Q

Parts of uterus where it is the superior to the entrance of
uterine tube

A

Fundus

62
Q

Parts of uterus where it is the main part

A

Body

63
Q

Parts of uterus where it is the narrow part for mucus secretion

A

Cervix

64
Q

Layers of uterine wall

A
  1. Perimetrium - outermost layer
  2. Myometrium - middle layer
  3. Endometrium - innermost layer
65
Q

Layers of uterine wall where it
▪ formed from visceral peritoneum
▪ Provides added strength and support

A

Perimetrium

66
Q

Layers of uterine wall where it
▪ For uterine contraction
▪ Muscular layer, consist of smooth muscle

A

Myometrium

67
Q

Female organ of copulation- receives
penis during intercourse

A

Vagina

68
Q

Allows menstrual flow and childbirth

A

Vagina

69
Q

Function of Vagina

A

➢ Female organ of copulation- receives
penis during intercourse
➢ Allows menstrual flow and childbirth
➢ Protection against pathogenic bacteria

70
Q

Implantation of the fertilized
ovum outside of the uterine cavity

A

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

71
Q

is an inflammation of the
cervix. The condition is often
accompanied by vaginal discharge,
bleeding or pain during sex, although
some people may not experience
any symptoms at all.

A

Cervicitis

72
Q

•Benign neoplasm in the uterus that
is composed largely of fibrous
tissue; also called leiomyoma.

A

Fibroid

73
Q

obstruction of the Fallopian
tube, resulting in pus
accumulation, which commonly
results from the spread of bacteria
from the lower genital tract.

A

Pyosalpinx or tubal abscess

74
Q

Turning, or state of being turned
back, especially an entire organ
being tipped from its normal
position

A

UTERINE
RETROVERSION

75
Q

is a common condition
where the uterus protrudes
into the vagina

A

Prolapse

76
Q

Rare and sometimes fatal
staphylococcus infection that
generally occurs in
menstruating women.

A

Toxic shock syndrome

77
Q

•Vaginal fungal infection caused
by Candida albicans;
•Characterized by a curdy or
cheeselike discharge and
extreme itching.

A

Candidiasis

78
Q

Protozoan infestation of the vagina,
urethra, or prostate.

A

TRICHOMONIASIS

79
Q

is the process by
which diploid precursor cells undergo
meiotic division to become haploid
gametes (sex cells)

A

Gametogenesis

80
Q

describes the
production of spermatozoa
(sperm) in the seminiferous
tubules of the testes

A

Spermatogenesis

81
Q

Two Phases of
Spermatogenesis

A

1.Spermatocytogenesis
2.Spermiogenesis

82
Q

Parts of the sperm that Contain enzymes necessary for fertilization

A

Acrosome

83
Q

are gametes
(sex cells) that are
produced in the testicular
organ (gonad) of male
human beings and
animals

A

Sperm cell

84
Q

Parts of the sperm that Contain the chromosomes

A

Head

85
Q

➢ Derived from the Golgi apparatus
➢ This vesicle releases its contents during zona pellucida binding.
➢ Fusion points: Binding Protein Izumo1

A

ACROSOME

86
Q

Parts of sperm that Contains mitochondria that produces ATP

A

Midpiece

87
Q

Parts of sperm that is also called flagellum

A

Tail

88
Q

Moves in a whip-like motion to propel the sperm forward

A

Tail

89
Q

The stable mature
microtubule-containing tail of
the sperm.

A

Axoneme

90
Q

Is the production of female gametes
(ova) within the ovaries

A

Oogenesis

91
Q

is
the maturation of the
ovarian follicle, a
densely packed shell
of somatic cells that
contains an immature
oocyte

A

Folliculogenesis

92
Q

A phase in folliculogenesis where it is the Single layer of flattened follicular cells that
surrounds small primary oocyte

A

Primordial follicle

93
Q

A phase in folliculogenesis where it is
➢ marked by formation of centrally located antrum that
appears between granulosa cells.
➢ The antrum contains fluid which is rich in hyaluronan and
proteoglycans

A

Secondary/ Growing Follicle

94
Q

A phase in folliculogenesis where
the follicle is characterized by a large follicular antrum
that makes up most of the follicle.

A

Graafian/ Mature follicle

95
Q

A phase in folliculogenesis where it is the
➢ Formation of the Zona Pellucida & Zona Granulosa

A

Primary Follicle

96
Q

A phase in folliculogenesis where it is the forms following ovulation and expulsion of oocyte.
Walls of empty follicle collapse and fold extensively.

A

Corpus Luteum

97
Q

If fertilization does not occur, the cells of the corpus luteum
remain active for roughly 14 days until the levels of LH fall and
the corpus luteum involutes to form the corpus albicans

A

Corpus Albicans

98
Q

Refers to the
release of a
mature egg
(oocyte) from one
of the ovaries.

A

Ovulation

99
Q

Ovulation typically
occurs in the
_____________

A

middle of the
menstrual cycle

100
Q

is the process by which
a sperm cell from a
male and an egg cell
(oocyte) from a female
merge their genetic
material to form a single
cell called a zygote.

A

Fertilization

101
Q

STAGES OF
FERTILIZATION

A
  1. Sperm Binding
  2. Acrosome Reaction
  3. Cortical Reaction
  4. Genetic Transfer

General Physiology (11 decks)

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