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General Physiology > MODULE 1 | Introduction to General Physiology > Flashcards

MODULE 1 | Introduction to General Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Sub-branches of Gen. Physio that - is concerned with how physiological processes are altered in disease or
injury

A

Pathophysiology

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2
Q

Sub-branches of Gen. Physio that is concerned with the physiology of invertebrates and of different vertebrate groups

A

Comparative Physiology

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3
Q

Sub-branches of Gen. Physio that is studying the way cells work and interact; cell physiology mostly
concentrates on membrane transport and neuron transmission.

A

Cell physiology

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4
Q

Sub-branches of Gen. Physio that is studying the way systems, or parts of systems, have adapted and
changed over multiple generations. Research topics cover a lot of ground including the role
of behavior in evolution, sexual selection, and physiological changes in relation to
geographic variation.

A

Evolutionary physiology

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5
Q

the
study of biological function—of how the body works, from molecular mechanisms within cells to
the actions of tissues, organs, and systems, and how the organism as a whole accomplishes
particular tasks essential for life.

A

Physiology

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6
Q

The Greek philosopher (384–322 B.C.) speculated on the function of the human body

A

Aristotle

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7
Q

Another ancient Greek (304–250? B.C.), considered the fatherof
physiology because he attempted to apply physical laws to the study of human function.

A

Erasistratus

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8
Q

He (A.D. 130–201) wrote widely on the subject and was considered the supreme authority
until the Renaissance.

A

Galen

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9
Q

Physiology became a fully experimental science with the revolutionary work of the English
physician (1578–1657), who demonstrated that the heart pumps blood through a closed system of vessels.

A

William Harvey

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10
Q

The father of modern physiology is the French physiologist (1813–1878), who observed that the milieu interieur (internal environment) remains remarkably
constant despite changing conditions in the external environment

A

Claude Bernard

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11
Q

In a book entitled The Wisdom of the Body, published in 1932, the American physiologist
(1871–1945) coined the term homeostasis to describe this internal constancy.
He further suggested that the many mechanisms of physiological regulation have but
one purpose: the maintenance of internal constancy.

A

Walter Cannon

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12
Q

In the book “The Wisdom of the Body”, Cannon suggested that the many mechanisms of physiological regulation have but
one purpose:

A

: the maintenance of internal constancy

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13
Q

1900- He discovers the A, B, and O blood groups.

A

Karl Landsteiner

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14
Q

1904- He wins the Nobel Prize for his work on the physiology of digestion.

A

Ivan Pavlov

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15
Q

1910- He describes properties of histamine.

A

Sir Henry Dale

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16
Q

1918- He describes how the force of the heart’s contraction relates to the
amount of blood in it.

A

Earnest Starling

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17
Q

1921- He describes the functions of the autonomic nervous system.

A

John Langley

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18
Q

1923- They win the Nobel Prize for the
discovery of insulin.

A

Sir Frederick Banting,
Charles Best, and
John Macleod

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19
Q

1932- They win the Nobel Prize for discoveries
related to the- functions of neurons.

A

Sir Charles Sherrington and Lord Edgar Adrian

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20
Q

1936- They win the Nobel Prize for the discovery of acetylcholine
in synaptic transmission.

A

Sir Henry Dale and Otto Loewi

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21
Q

1939–47- He explains the role of ATP and contributes to the
understanding of actin and myosin in muscle contraction.

A

Albert von Szent-Györgyi

22
Q

1949- He discovers the common physiological responses to stress.

A

Hans Selye

23
Q

1953- He wins the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the citric acid cycle.

A

Sir Hans Krebs

24
Q

1954-They propose the sliding
filament theory of muscle contraction.

A

*Hugh Huxley,
*Jean Hanson,
*R. Niedergerde, and
*Andrew Huxley

25
Q

1962- They win the Nobel Prize for
determining the structure of DNA.

A

Francis Crick,
James Watson, and
Maurice Wilkins

26
Q

1963-They win the Nobel Prize for
their discoveries relating to the nerve impulse.

A

Sir John Eccles,
Sir Alan Hodgkin, and
Sir Andrew Huxley

27
Q

1971- He wins the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the mechanism of hormone
action.

A

Earl Sutherland

28
Q

1977- They win the Nobel Prize for discoveries of the
brains’ production of peptide hormone.

A

Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally

29
Q

1981- He wins the Nobel Prize for his discoveries regarding the specializations of
the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

A

Roger Sperry

30
Q

986- They win the Nobel Prize for their discoveries of
growth factors regulating the nervous system.

A

Stanley Cohen and
Rita Levi-Montalcini

31
Q

1994- They win the Nobel Prize for their discovery of the
functions of G-proteins in signal transduction in cells.

A

Alfred Gilman and Martin Rodbell

32
Q

1998- They win the Nobel Prize for discovering
the role of nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system.

A

Robert Furchgott,
Louis Ignarro, and
FeridMurad

33
Q

2004- They win the Nobel Prize for their discoveries of odorant
receptors and the organization of the olfactory system.

A

Linda B. Buck and Richard Axel

34
Q

006- They win the Noble Prize for their discovery of RNA
interference by short, double-stranded RNA molecules.

A

Andrew Z. Fine and Craig C. Mello

35
Q

Biological Systems that includes the heart, the blood vessels,
properties of the blood, and how
circulation works in sickness and health.

A

Circulatory System

36
Q

Biological Systems that charts the movement of solids
from the mouth to the anus; this includes study of the spleen, liver, and pancreas,
the conversion of food into fuel and its
final exit from the body

A

Digestive/excretory
System

37
Q

The study of endocrine hormones that carry signals throughout the organism, helping
it to respond in concert. The principal
endocrine glands – the pituitary, thyroid,
adrenals, pancreas, parathyroids, and
gonads – are a major focus, but nearly all
organs release endocrine hormones.

A

Endocrine System

38
Q

The body’s natural defense system is
comprised of white blood cells, the
thymus, and lymph systems. A complex
array of receptors and molecules combine to protect the host from attacks by pathogens. Molecules such as antibodies
and cytokines feature heavily.

A

Immune System

39
Q

Biological Systems that includes the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and
sebaceous glands.

A

Integumentary System

40
Q

Biological Systems that includes – the skeleton and muscles, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. Bone
marrow – where red blood cells are made – and how bones store calcium and phosphate are
included.

A

Musculoskeletal System

41
Q

Biological Systems that includes the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral
nervous system. Study of this includes research into the senses, memory,
emotion, movement, and thought.

A

Nervous System

42
Q

Biological Systems that includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. This system
removes water from the blood, produces urine, and carries away waste.

A

Renal/urinary system

43
Q

consisting of the gonads and the sex organs. Study of this system also
includes investigating the way a fetus is created and nurtured for 9 months.

A

Reproductive system

44
Q

study of material universe

A

Physics

45
Q

study of life phenomena

A

Biology

46
Q

branch of biology which deals
with the “logic of life”

A

Physiology

47
Q

Is the study of normal functions in a
living system

A

Physiology

48
Q

Physiology ims to understand the _______
behind the functions of a living system.

A

Mechanisms

49
Q

What are the 5 levels of organization?

A
  1. CELLS
  2. TISSUE
  3. ORGANS
  4. ORGAN SYSTEMS
  5. ORGANISMS
50
Q

IMPORTANCE OF PHYSIOLOGY
• Physiology is one of the key disciplines
for understanding:

A

• Fundamental biology of all animals
• Health and disease

51
Q

consisting of
the nose, nasopharynx, trachea, and
lungs.

A

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

52
Q

This system brings in oxygen and
expels carbon dioxide and water.

A

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

General Physiology (11 decks)

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