MODULE 4 | Physiologic Mechanisms

Question 1

is the existence and maintenance of a relatively
constant environment within the body despite
fluctuations in either the external environment or the
internal environment.

Answer 1

Homeostasis

Question 2

What are the 3 Cells’ fluid environment variables?

Answer 2

✓ temperature
✓ volume
✓ chemical content

Question 3

Most homeostatic mechanisms are governed by these two system

Answer 3

Nervous System and Endocrine System

Question 4

Not precise at set point

Answer 4

Fluctuations

Question 5

Maintenance of homeostasis:

Answer 5

➢Negative Feedback Mechanism
➢Positive Feedback Mechanism

Question 6

Most systems of the body are regulated by this mechanism

Answer 6

Negative feedback mechanism

Question 7

It means that any deviation from the set point is
made smaller or is resisted

Answer 7

Negative

Question 8

3 components of negative feedback mechanism

Answer 8

1. Receptor
2. Control Center
3. Effector

Question 9

A component of NFM where it monitors value of variable

Answer 9

Receptor

Question 10

A component of NFM where establishes the set point

Answer 10

Control Center

Question 11

A component of NFM where it changes the value of the variable

Answer 11

Effector

Question 12

Example of Negative feedback mechanism

Answer 12

Thermoregulation

Question 13

➢ is the control of body temperature

Answer 13

THERMOREGULATION

Question 14

➢The core of the human body includes the organs of
the:

Answer 14

thorax, abdomen and the head

Question 15

Normal value of core temperature

Answer 15

37°C

Question 16

Less heat is carried from the
core to the surface of the body,
maintaining core temperature.

Answer 16

Vasoconstriction

Question 17

More heat is carried from the
core to the surface

Answer 17

Vasodilation

Question 18

Effector of Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation

Answer 18

Smooth muscles
in arterioles in
the skin

Question 19

raising
skin hairs and trapping an
insulating layer of still, warm
air next to the skin.

Answer 19

Muscles contract

Question 20

lowering the
skin hairs and allowing air to
circulate over the skin,
encouraging convection and
evaporation.

Answer 20

Muscles relax

Question 21

Effector of muscle contract and muscle relax

Answer 21

Erector Pili Muscles

Question 22

Produces own body heat

Answer 22

Endotherm

Question 23

Does not produces its own heat

Answer 23

Ectotherm

Question 24

Can regulate body temperature

Answer 24

Homeotherm

Question 25

Cannot regulate body temperature

Answer 25

Poikilotherm

Question 26

Example of animals that belongs to the group of endotherm and homeotherm

Answer 26

Mostly birds and
mammals

Question 27

Example of animals that belongs to the group of endotherm and poikilotherm

Answer 27

Some birds,
mammals & Insects

Question 28

Example of animals that belongs to the group of ectotherm and homeotherm

Answer 28

Some tropical reptiles,
Organisms occurring deep
in the ocean or in deep
lakes

Question 29

Example of animals that belongs to the group of ectotherm and poikilotherm

Answer 29

Most fish, amphibians, &
Reptiles

Question 30

➢Long period of Inactivity

Answer 30

HIBERNATION

Question 31

Activator of Hibernation

Answer 31

Heat

Question 32

➢Hibernation Requirement:

Answer 32

➢Poikilothermic Endotherm
-Down-regulation of Body Temperature

Question 33

➢ Long period of Inactivity (same as
Hibernation)

Answer 33

AESTIVATION

Question 34

➢ Occurs during extreme dryness or very
high temperature

Answer 34

AESTIVATION

Question 35

Activator of aestivation

Answer 35

Water

Question 36

➢ Short state of inactivity

Answer 36

Torpor

Question 37

➢ Temporary Hibernation

Answer 37

Torpor

Question 38

Example of animals that undergo torpor

Answer 38

Hummingbirds, Bats, Squirrels