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General Physiology > MODULE 5 | Tissue and Histology > Flashcards

MODULE 5 | Tissue and Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Group of cells with similar function, structure,
and similar extra cellular substances

A

Tissues

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2
Q

4 PRIMARY TISSUES

A

1.Muscle Tissue
2.Nervous Tissue
3.Epithelial Tissue
4.Connective Tissue

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3
Q

4 Types of Epithelial tissues

A
  1. Squamous
  2. Cuboidal
  3. Columnar
  4. Stratified
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4
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Smooth
  3. Cardiac
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5
Q

7 types of connective tissue

A
  1. Cartilage
  2. Bone
  3. Tendon
  4. Ligament
  5. Blood
  6. Adipose
  7. Areolar
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6
Q

Tissue specialized for
contraction.

A

Muscle tissue

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7
Q

are
associated with their
movements including
walking, running, lifting,
chewing, picking and
dropping objects, etc

A

Muscle tissue

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8
Q

Characteristic of a muscle tissue where it is the ability
to respond to a stimulus

A

Excitability

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9
Q

Characteristic of a muscle tissue where it is the ability
of muscle cells to
forcefully shorten

A

Contractility

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10
Q

Characteristic of a muscle tissue where it is the ability to
return to its original
length when relaxed

A

Elasticity

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11
Q

Characteristic of a muscle tissue where it is is the
ability of a muscle to be
stretched

A

Extensibility

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12
Q

4 characteristics of muscle tissue

A
  1. Excitability
  2. Extensibility
  3. Elasticity
  4. Contractility
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13
Q

• Striated
• Long, Large and Cylindrical,
• With many nuclei

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

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14
Q

Function of skeletal muscle tissue

A

• Body Movement
• Voluntary controlled

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15
Q

• Striated
• Cylindrical
• With single nucleus
• Branched by intercalated disks

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

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16
Q

Function of cardiac muscle tissue

A

• Pumps Blood
• Involuntary Control

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17
Q

• Unstriated
• Tapered at ends
• With single nucleus

A

Smooth muscle tissue

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18
Q

Function of smooth muscle tissue

A

• Propels material
•“Goose bumps”
•Involuntary control

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19
Q

• Responsible for coordinating and
controlling many body activities.

A

NERVOUS TISSUE

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20
Q

Nervous tissue are consist of:

A

• Neuron
• Supporting cells

21
Q

Specialized for generation
& conduction of
electrical events

A

Neuron

22
Q

3 parts of Neuron

A
  1. Cell body
  2. Dendrites
  3. Axon
23
Q

are a type of cell
that provides physical and
chemical support to
neurons and maintain their
environment.

A

Glial cells

24
Q

consists of cells that form
membranes, which cover and line the body
surfaces, and of glands, which are derived from
these membranes.

A

Epithelial tissues

25
Q

are classified according to
the number of their layers and the shape of the
cells in the upper layer.

A

Epithelial membranes

26
Q

provide a barrier
between the external environment and the
internal environment of the body

A

Epithelial membrane

27
Q

Cells that covers external and internal
surfaces throughout the body.

A

Epithelial tissues

28
Q

Function of epithelial tissue

A

a. Protecting underlying structures.
b. Acting as barrier
c. Permitting the passage of substances.
d. Secreting substances.
e. Absorbing substances.

29
Q

is characterized by large amounts
of extracellular material between the different types
of connective tissue cells.

A

Connective tissue

30
Q

FUNCTIONS:
• Enclosing and separating other tissues
• Connecting tissues to one another
• Supporting and moving parts of the body
• Storing compounds
• Cushioning and insulating

A

Connective tissue

31
Q

is the microscopic study of
tissues and organs under the microscope.

A

Histology

32
Q

is a branch of pathology
which deals with the study of disease in a
tissue.

A

Histopathology

33
Q

TYPES OF HISTOLOGICAL
PREPARATION

A
  1. Whole mount
  2. Sections
  3. Smears
34
Q

These are preparation of
entire animal or organism.

A

Whole Mount

35
Q

• The majority of the
preparations in histology are
sections.

A

Sections

36
Q

are made from
blood, bone marrow or
any fluid such as
pleural or ascitic fluid.

A

Smears

37
Q

Paraffin Techniques

A
  1. Fixation
  2. Embedding
  3. Sectioning
  4. Staining
  5. Mounting
38
Q

is the lysis or dissolution of cells by enzymatic action
probably as a result of rupture of lysosomes.

A

Autolysis

39
Q

is the breakdown of tissue by bacterial action often
with formation of gas.

A

Putrefaction

40
Q

one of the commonly used fixative in all laboratories since it is
cheap, penetrates rapidly and does not over harden the tissues.

A

Formaldehyde

41
Q

– It is slow to penetrate, hardens and shrinks the tissue and dissolve
fats and lipids.

A

Ethyl alcohol

42
Q

mode of action as fixative is similar to that of alcohol.

A

Acetone

43
Q

– is rarely used alone because it causes shrinkage of the tissue.
– It penetrates rapidly without destroying lipids.
– brings out more brilliant staining with most of the dyes.

A

Mercuric chloride

44
Q

To preserve the tissue in its original form as
possible and to prevent post-mortem changes

A

Fixation

45
Q

It consists hardening the sample
in a paraffin embedding medium,
in order to be able to carry out
the sectioning.

A

Embedding

46
Q

Steps in embedding

A

a. Dehydration
b. Clearing
c. Paraffin Infiltration

47
Q

Paraffin-embedded samples are
cut by cross section, using a
microtome, into thin slices of 5
micrometers.

A

Sectioning

48
Q

increases contrasts
in order to recognize and
differentiate the different
components of the biological
material.

A

Staining

49
Q

Sections are mounted between
slides and cover slips using a
product to ensure adhesion. The
slides are then ready for storage
or observation.

A

Mounting

General Physiology (11 decks)

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