MODULE 2 | Cell Physiology

Question 1

The microscopic fundamental units of all living things.

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

5 main groups (Kingdoms) of living things

Answer 2

*Bacteria
*Protozoans
*Fungi
*Plants
*Animals

Question 3

Examples of organisms that are made up of just one cell

Answer 3

bacteria and protozoans

Question 4

An adult human body is composed of about how many cells?

Answer 4

100 trillion cells

Question 5

these cells are in the nervous system and function to process and
transmit information.

Answer 5

*Nerve Cells

Question 6

Also called Neurons

Answer 6

*Nerve Cells

Question 7

They are the core components of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. They
use chemical and electrical synapses to relay signals throughout the body.

Answer 7

*Nerve Cells

Question 8

Functions of this cells include secretion, absorption, protection, transcellular
transport, sensation detection, and selective permeability

Answer 8

*Epithelial cells:

Question 9

These cells secrete products through ducts, such as mucus, sweat, or digestive
enzymes.

Answer 9

*Exocrine cells

Question 10

These cells are similar to exocrine cells, but secrete their products directly into the
bloodstream instead of through a duct.

Answer 10

*Endocrine cells

Question 11

These cells are found throughout the body but are
concentrated in hormone-secreting glands such as the pituitary

Answer 11

Endocrine cells

Question 12

The main function of this blood cells is to collect oxygen in the
lungs and deliver it through the blood to the body tissues.

Answer 12

 Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Question 13

They are produced in the bone marrow and
help the body to fight infectious disease and foreign objects in the immune system.

Answer 13

Various types of white blood cells (leukocytes)

Question 14

Cells that are found in the circulatory system, lymphatic system, spleen, and other body tissues.

Answer 14

(leukocytes).

Question 15

the smallest living units within our body, but play a big role in making our body function
properly.

Answer 15

Cells

Question 16

The boundary of the cell

Answer 16

plasma membrane

Question 17

separates internal metabolic
events from the external environment and controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

Answer 17

Cell Membranes

Question 18

These are the molecules that are scattered throughout the flexible phospholipid membrane.

Answer 18

Protein and Cholesterol

Question 19

This proteins attach loosely to the inner or outer surface of the plasma membrane.

Answer 19

Peripheral proteins

Question 20

This proteins
lie across the membrane, extending from inside to outside.

Answer 20

Integral proteins

Question 21

Proteins that provide passageways through the membranes for certain
hydrophilic or water-soluble substances such as polar and charged molecules.

Answer 21

*Channel proteins

Question 22

Proteins that spend energy (ATP) to transfer materials across the membrane.

Answer 22

Transport proteins

Question 23

When energy is used to provide passageway for materials, the process is called?

Answer 23

active transport

Question 24

In channel proteins, No energy is used
during transport, hence this type of movement is called?

Answer 24

facilitated diffusion

Question 25

Proteins that distinguish the identity of neighboring cells. These proteins have oligosaccharide or short polysaccharide chains extending out from their cell surface.

Answer 25

Recognition proteins

Question 26

Proteins that attach cells to neighboring cells or provide anchors for the internal filaments and tubules that give stability to the cell

Answer 26

Adhesion proteins

Question 27

Proteins that initiate specific cell responses once hormones or other trigger molecules bind to them.

Answer 27

Receptor proteins

Question 28

Proteins that are involved in moving electrons from one molecule to another during chemical reactions.

Answer 28

Electron transfer proteins

Question 29

The gel-like material within the cell membrane.

Answer 29

Cytoplasm

Question 30

are bodies embedded in the cytoplasm that serve to physically separate the various metabolic activities that occur within cells.

Answer 30

Organelles

Question 31

- Controls the cell; houses the genetic material (DNA).

Answer 31

Nucleus

Question 32

the largest of the cells organelles

Answer 32

Nucleus

Question 33

are made up of chromatin, which is made up of protein and deoxyribonucleic acid strands.

Answer 33

Chromosomes

Question 34

What are the 4 Cell functions?

Answer 34

1. Cell metabolism and energy use 2. Synthesis of molecules 3. Communication 4. Reproduction and inheritance

Question 35

It is the collectively called chemical reactions that occur within cells.

Answer 35

cell metabolism

Question 36

A cell function where cells synthesize various types of molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids.

Answer 36

Synthesis of molecules

Question 37

A cell function where cells produce and receive chemical and electrical signals that allow them to communicate with one another.

Answer 37

Communication

Question 38

A cell function where each cell contains a copy of the genetic information of the individual.

Answer 38

Reproduction and inheritance