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Forensic Veterinary Osteology > Module 6: Nerves And Muscles > Flashcards

Module 6: Nerves And Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Pass through bony structures whereas other nerves run along bones/muscles
Can help in injury assessment, ID and siding of cranial bones

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2
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory-smell
Cribriform plate

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3
Q

CN II

A

Optic-sight
Optic foramen/canal

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4
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor-eye movement
Supraorbital fissure

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5
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear-eye movement
Supraorbital fissure

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6
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal-sensation, taste, movement
1. Ophthalmic
2. Maxillary
3. Mandibular
Canal splits:
1. Supraorbital fissure
2. Foramen rotundum
3. Foramen ovale

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7
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens-eye movement
Supraorbital fissure

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8
Q

CN VII

A

Facial-taste, salivation, sensation, movement
Internal auditory meatus (entrance)/stylomastoid foramen (exit)

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9
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear-hearing
Internal auditory meatus

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10
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal-taste, swallowing, salivation
Jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure

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11
Q

CN X

A

Vagus-heart, respiratory, gastric functions
Jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure

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12
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory-muscle movement and visceral reflex
Jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure

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13
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal-tongue motion
Hypoglossal canal

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14
Q

Meningeal vessels

A

Pass through foramen ovale and spinosum, and jugular foramen transmits arteries and veins

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15
Q

Foramen that help with ID and siding of cranial elements

A
  1. Cribriform plate
  2. Optic canal
  3. Supraorbital fissure
  4. Foramen rotundum/round foramen
  5. Foramen ovale/oval foramen
  6. Trigeminal canal
  7. Internal auditory (acoustic) meatus
  8. Jugular foramen
  9. Condyloid canal
  10. Hypoglossal canal
  11. Rostrum alar foramen
  12. Caudal alar foramen
  13. Foramen lacerum
  14. Retroarticular foramen
  15. Tympano-occipital fissure
  16. Foramen spinosum/spinous foramen
  17. External auditory meatus
  18. Fossa for lacrimal sac
  19. Maxillary foramen
  20. Alveolar foramina
  21. Sphenopalatine foramen
  22. Caudal palatine foramen
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16
Q

Which nerves control eye movement and pass through superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor, abducens

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17
Q

Which nerve does not contribute to taste/tongue movement?

A

Vagus

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18
Q

Muscles

A

-forelimb and hind limb focus
-understanding of what muscle attaches to what structure will help ID and side.
-focus on bony attachments

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19
Q

Origin

A

Less mobile attachment point/anchor of a muscle

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20
Q

Insertion

A

Site of attachment of muscle, typically has more movement than origin location during action

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21
Q

Flexion

A

Bending movement
Decreases distance/angle between body parts

22
Q

Extension

A

Straightening movement
Increases distance/angle between body parts

23
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of body part away from midline

24
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of body part towards midline

25
Q

Pronation

A

Rotate limb medially
Palmar/plantar surface faces ground

26
Q

Supination

A

Rotate limb laterally
Palmar/plantar surface faces up

27
Q

Supraspinatus muscle

A

Origin: supraspinous fossa
Insertion site: Humeral Greater tubercle
Function: extension of shoulder; lateral stabilization

28
Q

Teres major muscle

A

Origin: caudal angle and caudal border
Insertion site: medial shaft of humerus (Teres major tuberosity)
Function: flexion of shoulder and medial rotation; prevent lateral rotation when weight bearing

29
Q

Deltoideus muscle

A

Origin: scapular spine and acromion process
Insertion site: deltoid tuberosity
Function: flexion of shoulder

30
Q

Biceps brachii muscle

A

Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion site: ulnar and radial tuberosities
Function: extension of shoulder, flexion of elbow

31
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Origin: long-caudal border; lateral-tricipital line/deltoid tuberosity; accessory-neck of humerus; medial-crest of lesser tubercle
Insertion: olecranon tuberosity
Function: long-flexion of shoulder, extension of elbow; lat/accessory/medial-extension of elbow

32
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: proximal 1/3 of lat humerus
Insertion: ulnar/radial tuberosities
Function: flexion of elbow

33
Q

Extensor carpi radialis

A

Origin: lat supracondylar crest
Insertion: tuberosity on dorsal aspect of base MC2 and MC3
Function: extension of carpus

34
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: caudal border/medial surface of olecranon and medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: pisiform/accessory carpal bone
Function: flexion of carpus

35
Q

Common digital extensor

A

Origin: lat epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: extensor process of phalanges d2-5 dorsal aspect
Function: extension of digits and carpus

36
Q

Superficial digital extensor

A

Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: palmar surface of base of middle phalanges d2-5
Function: flex carpus, metacarpophalangeal joints, and proximal interphalangeal joints

37
Q

Deep digital extensor

A

Origin: medial epicondyle, promixal portion of caudal border of ulna, middle portion of medial border of radius
Insertion: flexion tubercle of distal phalanges-palmar aspect
Function: flexion of carpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints

38
Q

Interosseus

A

Origin: caudal aspect of proximal metacarpals
Insertion: base of proximal phalanges and sesamoid bones-palmar aspect
Function: flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints

39
Q

Iliopsoas

A

Origin: ventral aspect lumbar vertebra and cranio-ventral portion of ilium
Insertion: lesser trochanter
Function: hip flexion

40
Q

Middle gluteal

A

Origin: iliac crest and gluteal surface
Insertion: greater trochanter
Function: extension and abduction of hip and medial rotation of leg

41
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

Origin: lat aspect ischium
Insertion: intertrochanteric crest
Function: hip extension and lat rotation of leg

42
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Origin: ilium and proximal femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Function: hip flexion, leg/stifle extension

43
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: lat aspect of tibial tuberosity via fascia to patella and calcaneal tuberosity
Function: hip, stifle, foot/hock extension, caudal portion, stifle flexion

44
Q

Semimembranous

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial supracondylar ridge of femur, medial condyle of tibia
Function: hip extension, femur insertion-stifle extension, tibia insertion-stifle flexion and extension depending on position

45
Q

Semitendinous

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: infero-media aspect of tibial tuberosity via fascia of calcaneal tuberosity
Function: hip and hock extension, stifle flexion

46
Q

Superficial digital flexor

A

Origin: lat supracondylar tuberosity of femur
Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity and base of middle phalanges d2-5
Function: digit and stifle flexion, tarsus extension

47
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Origin: medial and lat Supracondylar tuberosities of femur
Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity
Function: stifle flexion, tarsus extension

48
Q

Deep digital flexor

A

Origin: caudal aspect proximal 2/3 tibia and 1/2 fibula
Insertion: flexor tubercle of distal phalanges-plantar aspect
Function: digit flexion, tarsus extension

49
Q

Long digital extensor

A

Origin: extensor fossa of femur
Insertion: extensor process distal phalanges d2-5
Function: digit extension, tarsus flexion

50
Q

Cranial tibial

A

Origin: extensor groove and articular. Margin and lat edge of cranial tibial border
Insertion: Base of MT1 and 2-plantar aspect
Function: tarsocrural joint flexion, rotation of paw lat/supination

Forensic Veterinary Osteology (12 decks)

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