Module 6: Nerves And Muscles Flashcards
Cranial nerves
Pass through bony structures whereas other nerves run along bones/muscles
Can help in injury assessment, ID and siding of cranial bones
CN I
Olfactory-smell
Cribriform plate
CN II
Optic-sight
Optic foramen/canal
CN III
Oculomotor-eye movement
Supraorbital fissure
CN IV
Trochlear-eye movement
Supraorbital fissure
CN V
Trigeminal-sensation, taste, movement
1. Ophthalmic
2. Maxillary
3. Mandibular
Canal splits:
1. Supraorbital fissure
2. Foramen rotundum
3. Foramen ovale
CN VI
Abducens-eye movement
Supraorbital fissure
CN VII
Facial-taste, salivation, sensation, movement
Internal auditory meatus (entrance)/stylomastoid foramen (exit)
CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear-hearing
Internal auditory meatus
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal-taste, swallowing, salivation
Jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure
CN X
Vagus-heart, respiratory, gastric functions
Jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure
CN XI
Accessory-muscle movement and visceral reflex
Jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure
CN XII
Hypoglossal-tongue motion
Hypoglossal canal
Meningeal vessels
Pass through foramen ovale and spinosum, and jugular foramen transmits arteries and veins
Foramen that help with ID and siding of cranial elements
- Cribriform plate
- Optic canal
- Supraorbital fissure
- Foramen rotundum/round foramen
- Foramen ovale/oval foramen
- Trigeminal canal
- Internal auditory (acoustic) meatus
- Jugular foramen
- Condyloid canal
- Hypoglossal canal
- Rostrum alar foramen
- Caudal alar foramen
- Foramen lacerum
- Retroarticular foramen
- Tympano-occipital fissure
- Foramen spinosum/spinous foramen
- External auditory meatus
- Fossa for lacrimal sac
- Maxillary foramen
- Alveolar foramina
- Sphenopalatine foramen
- Caudal palatine foramen
Which nerves control eye movement and pass through superior orbital fissure?
Oculomotor, abducens
Which nerve does not contribute to taste/tongue movement?
Vagus
Muscles
-forelimb and hind limb focus
-understanding of what muscle attaches to what structure will help ID and side.
-focus on bony attachments
Origin
Less mobile attachment point/anchor of a muscle
Insertion
Site of attachment of muscle, typically has more movement than origin location during action
Flexion
Bending movement
Decreases distance/angle between body parts
Extension
Straightening movement
Increases distance/angle between body parts
Abduction
Movement of body part away from midline
Adduction
Movement of body part towards midline
Pronation
Rotate limb medially
Palmar/plantar surface faces ground
Supination
Rotate limb laterally
Palmar/plantar surface faces up
Supraspinatus muscle
Origin: supraspinous fossa
Insertion site: Humeral Greater tubercle
Function: extension of shoulder; lateral stabilization
Teres major muscle
Origin: caudal angle and caudal border
Insertion site: medial shaft of humerus (Teres major tuberosity)
Function: flexion of shoulder and medial rotation; prevent lateral rotation when weight bearing
Deltoideus muscle
Origin: scapular spine and acromion process
Insertion site: deltoid tuberosity
Function: flexion of shoulder
Biceps brachii muscle
Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion site: ulnar and radial tuberosities
Function: extension of shoulder, flexion of elbow
Triceps brachii
Origin: long-caudal border; lateral-tricipital line/deltoid tuberosity; accessory-neck of humerus; medial-crest of lesser tubercle
Insertion: olecranon tuberosity
Function: long-flexion of shoulder, extension of elbow; lat/accessory/medial-extension of elbow
Brachialis
Origin: proximal 1/3 of lat humerus
Insertion: ulnar/radial tuberosities
Function: flexion of elbow
Extensor carpi radialis
Origin: lat supracondylar crest
Insertion: tuberosity on dorsal aspect of base MC2 and MC3
Function: extension of carpus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin: caudal border/medial surface of olecranon and medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: pisiform/accessory carpal bone
Function: flexion of carpus
Common digital extensor
Origin: lat epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: extensor process of phalanges d2-5 dorsal aspect
Function: extension of digits and carpus
Superficial digital extensor
Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: palmar surface of base of middle phalanges d2-5
Function: flex carpus, metacarpophalangeal joints, and proximal interphalangeal joints
Deep digital extensor
Origin: medial epicondyle, promixal portion of caudal border of ulna, middle portion of medial border of radius
Insertion: flexion tubercle of distal phalanges-palmar aspect
Function: flexion of carpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
Interosseus
Origin: caudal aspect of proximal metacarpals
Insertion: base of proximal phalanges and sesamoid bones-palmar aspect
Function: flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints
Iliopsoas
Origin: ventral aspect lumbar vertebra and cranio-ventral portion of ilium
Insertion: lesser trochanter
Function: hip flexion
Middle gluteal
Origin: iliac crest and gluteal surface
Insertion: greater trochanter
Function: extension and abduction of hip and medial rotation of leg
Quadratus femoris
Origin: lat aspect ischium
Insertion: intertrochanteric crest
Function: hip extension and lat rotation of leg
Quadriceps femoris
Origin: ilium and proximal femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity
Function: hip flexion, leg/stifle extension
Biceps femoris
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: lat aspect of tibial tuberosity via fascia to patella and calcaneal tuberosity
Function: hip, stifle, foot/hock extension, caudal portion, stifle flexion
Semimembranous
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial supracondylar ridge of femur, medial condyle of tibia
Function: hip extension, femur insertion-stifle extension, tibia insertion-stifle flexion and extension depending on position
Semitendinous
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: infero-media aspect of tibial tuberosity via fascia of calcaneal tuberosity
Function: hip and hock extension, stifle flexion
Superficial digital flexor
Origin: lat supracondylar tuberosity of femur
Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity and base of middle phalanges d2-5
Function: digit and stifle flexion, tarsus extension
Gastrocnemius
Origin: medial and lat Supracondylar tuberosities of femur
Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity
Function: stifle flexion, tarsus extension
Deep digital flexor
Origin: caudal aspect proximal 2/3 tibia and 1/2 fibula
Insertion: flexor tubercle of distal phalanges-plantar aspect
Function: digit flexion, tarsus extension
Long digital extensor
Origin: extensor fossa of femur
Insertion: extensor process distal phalanges d2-5
Function: digit extension, tarsus flexion
Cranial tibial
Origin: extensor groove and articular. Margin and lat edge of cranial tibial border
Insertion: Base of MT1 and 2-plantar aspect
Function: tarsocrural joint flexion, rotation of paw lat/supination
