Module 6 - Keywords Flashcards
Kekulé model
The model of benzene which shows alternating and fluctuation single and double bonds
Delocalised electrons
Electrons within a species which are not associated with a particular atom or bond
Hydrogenation
Adding hydrogen
Electrophilic substitution
Replacement of hydrogen on a benzene ring
Halogen carrier
Iron/iron halide/aluminium halide - used in Friedel-Crafts reaction
Fridel-Craft
A reaction which forms a C-C bond to a benzene ring
Phenol
Benzene ring with an OH group attached to the ring
Cyanide
CΞN group
Electron donating groups
Electron rich groups like OH and NH2 which direct towards positions 2 and 4 on the benzene ring
Electron withdrawing groups
Electron poor groups like NO2 which direct towards position 3 on the benzene ring
Nucleophilic addition
Mechanism for the reaction of carbonyls with HCN and NaBH4
2,4-DNPH
2,4-dinitrophenolhydrazine, forms an orange ppt on reaction with carbonyls the characteristic melting point of which can be used to identify the aldehyde or ketone
Tollens’ reagent
Ammoniacal silver nitrate used in the silver mirror test for an aldehyde
Esterification
Reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid in the presence of an acid catlyst to make esters
Carboxylate
A salt of a carboxylic acid