Module 5 - Keywords

Question 1

Lattice enthalpy, Δ_LEH

Answer 1

The energy change on the formation of 1 mole of ionic lattices from gaseous ions

Question 2

Born-Haber cycle

Answer 2

A cycle which uses Hess’s law to calculate lattice enthalpy

Question 3

Enthalpy change of reaction, Δ_rH

Answer 3

Enthalpy change associated with a stated equation

Question 4

Enthalpy change of formation, Δ_fH

Answer 4

Enthalpy change associated with the formation of 1 mole of a compound from its gaseous elements

Question 5

Enthalpy change of atomisation, Δ_aH/Δ_atomH

Answer 5

Enthalpy change associated with the formation of 1 mole of gaseous atoms, from the elements in their standard states

Question 6

First electron affinity, Δ_EAH

Answer 6

The energy released when 1 mole of gaseous atoms each acquire an eelctron to form 1 mole of gaseous 1- ions

Question 7

Enthalpy change of solution, Δ_solH

Answer 7

Enthalpy change associated with the dissolution of 1 mole of solute to form an infinitely dilute solution

Question 8

Enthalpy change of hydration, Δ_hydH

Answer 8

Enthalpy change associated with the dissolution of 1 mole of gaseous ions to form an infinitely dilute solution

Question 9

Entropy (S)

Answer 9

A measure of disorder in a system

Question 10

Free energy

Answer 10

A process is feasible if ΔG is negative, ΔG=ΔH-TΔS

Question 11

Kinetics

Answer 11

Related to reaction rates

Question 12

Oxidising agent, [O]

Answer 12

A substance which oxidises others e.g. acidified Cr₂O₇^2-

Question 13

Reducing agent, [H]

Answer 13

A substance which reduces others e.g. acidified NaBH₄

Question 14

Half equation

Answer 14

An equation which shows what has happened to one of the reagents in a redox equation

Question 15

Iodine clock reaction

Answer 15

A reaction of I₂/S₂O₃^2- in the presence of starch

Question 16

Standard electrode potential, E^θ

Answer 16

The potential different when a half cell is placed in a circuit with a standard hydrogen electrode

Question 17

Standard hydrogen electrode

Answer 17

An electrode with a Pt wire in the presence of hydrogen gas at 101kPa, 298K, [H⁺] in solution = 1 moldm^-3

Question 18

Feasible

Answer 18

The reaction could happen energetically

Question 19

Modern storage cells

Answer 19

Batteries

Question 20

d block element

Answer 20

An element with its highest energy electron in a d orbital

Question 21

Transition elements

Answer 21

d block elements that have an ion with an incomplete d subshell

Question 22

Ligand

Answer 22

An atom or group of atoms which forms a coordinate (dative covalent) bond to a central metal ion or metal

Question 23

Bidentate ligands

Answer 23

An atom or group of atoms which forms 2 coordinate (dative covalent) bonds to a central metal ion or metal

Question 24

Complex ion

Answer 24

A metal ion or atom with the surrounding ligands

Question 25

Coordination number

Answer 25

The number of dative bonds formed around the central metal atom/ion in a complex ion

Question 26

Six-fold coordination

Answer 26

A complex which forms an octahedral shape with a coordination number of six

Question 27

Cisplatin

Answer 27

A square planar complex of Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂ with a cis isomerism - used in treatment of cancers as it attached to DNA preventing replication

Question 28

Optical isomers

Answer 28

Isomers with the same structural formula which form non superimposable mirror images due to a chiral centre

Question 29

Chiral centre

Answer 29

A carbon atom which has 4 different atoms or groups around it

Question 30

Haemoglobin

Answer 30

The iron centred complex in blood which is used in the transport of oxygen