Module 4 - Keywords Flashcards
IUPAC nomenclature
international naming rules
Organic compounds
Carbon based compounds
General formula
The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series e.g. alkane: CnH2n+2
Structural formula
The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
Displayed formula
The relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them
Skeletal formula
The simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from the alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups
Homologous series
A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but which each successive member differing by a CH2
Functional group
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
Alkyl group
Has the general formula CnH2n+1
Aliphatic
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non aromatic rings
Alicyclic
An aliphatic compound arranged in non aromatic rings with or without side chains
Aromatic
A compound containing a benzene ring
Saturated
An organic compound containing single carbon-carbon bonds only
Unsaturated
An organic compounds containing multiple carbon-carbon bonds, including C=C, CΞC and/or aromatic rings
Structural isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
Homolytic fission
Bond breaking where each bonding atom receives one electron from the bonding pair, forming 2 radicals
Heterlytic fission
Bond breaking where each bonding atom receives both electrons from the bonded pair, forming a positive and a negative ion
Radical
A species with an unpaired electron
Reaction mechanism
Diagrams used to show clearly the movement of electron pairs with ‘curly arrows’ and relevant dipoles
σ bonds
The overlap of orbitals directly between the bonding atoms
Complete combustion
A burning reaction where there is sufficient oxygen to oxidise the reagents completely
Incomplete combustion
A burning reaction where there is insufficient oxygen to oxidise the reagents completely.
Radicla substitution
A reaction mechanism involving homolytic fission to produce radicals (initiation) followed by propagation and termination
Substitution
Replacing one atom or group of atoms with another
π bond
Sideways overlap of adjacent p orbitals above and below the bonding C atoms