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NCLEX > MODULE 6! > Flashcards

MODULE 6! Flashcards

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1
Q

GERD
s/s
tx

A

reflux of gastric content into orthopharynx
risk of aspiration and pneumonia
tx: reflux precautions. upright position with eating and 30 minutes after, frequent burping during feedings, thickened formula

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2
Q

pyloric stenosis
s/s
diagnosis
tx

A

s/s: projectile vomiting during and after feedings, may palpate and olive shaped mass in epigastric area

diagnosis: abdominal ultrasound
tx: hydration/electrolyte replacement, I&O, daily weight, monitor urine output closely, surgery

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3
Q

otitis media
patho
tx
prevention

A

p: infection of middle ear, bulging bright red TM, preceded by upper respiratory infection
tx: antibiotics if indicated, avoid chewing motion, avoid smoke exposure, PE tubes- wear ear plugs around water
prevention: sit up during feedings, NO bottle propping, gentle nose blowing, avoid smoke exposure

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4
Q 
UAP 
role 
task
person 
circumstance
A

role: supportive
task: routine, simple, repetitive
person: stable clients
circumstance: uncomplicated

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5
Q

LPN role
task
person
circumstance

A

task: 1. no nursing process. can collect data and assist with plan but RN must sign behind. 2. can implement within scope. 3. no creating a teaching plan only reinforce or standard plan
person: stable clients
circumstance: must reassign if client becomes unstable; can care for complex if stable

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6
Q

when does the anterior fontanel close

A

12-18 months

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7
Q

when does the posterior fontanel close

A

2-3 months

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8
Q

when giving IM injections, why is the ventrogluteal muscle contraindicated in children who have not been walking for atleast a year

A

the ventrogluteal muscle is not developed well enough

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9
Q

for babys under 12 months the ear will be pulled

A

the ear will be pulled down and out

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10
Q

how many cups of milk should a 15 mo old toddler consume daily

A

2-3 cups

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11
Q

what ages does the best friend stage occur

A

9-10 years

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12
Q

girls go through puburty how much sooner than boys

A

1-2 years

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13
Q

car seat safety

A

car seats go in the back. <20 pounds in the middle of the back seat in a rear facing until 12 months
car seats should be used until at least 30 pounds
boosters 4-8

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14
Q

order of VS

A

resp
hr
bp
temp

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15
Q

temp

A

rectal is most reliable. do not use rectal on newborns!

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16
Q

newborn communication

birth - 1 mo

A

nonverbal
express themselves through crying
encourage parents to touch their infant

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17
Q

infant communication

1 mo - 12 mo

A

primarily nonverbal
starts with repeating consonants (dada)
communicate through crying and facial expressions
respond to touch

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18
Q

toddlers and preschoolers 1-5 years

A

verbal skills
ages 3-4 form 3-4 word sentences called telegraphic speech
asking why
concrete and literal thinking so may misinterpret
short attention span
cognitive development: egocentric, magical thinking, animism, object permanence
express themselves through dramatic play and drawing

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19
Q

school age children 6-12

A 
able to use logic
begin to understand others point of view 
begin to understand cause and effect 
understanding body functions 
can interpret nonverbal messages 
expression of thoughts and feelings
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20
Q

adolescents 13-18

A

abstract thinking without full adult comprehension
strive for independence
need for privacy
nursing: straightforward approach, talk in private area, conduct part of interview without parents

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21
Q

observable signs of resp distress in children

A

use of accessory muscles
nasal flaring
sternal retractions
grunting with respirations

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22
Q

croup
what is it
tx

A

aka laryngotracheobronchitis
a viral infection that can result in a slight to severe dyspnea, barking or brassy cough, elevated temp
tx: steam from hot showers. no improvement? nebulized epi or corticosteroids

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23
Q

epiglottitis
what is it
tx

A 
serious obstructive imflammatory process: there is absence of a cough, presence of dysphagia, drooling, and rapid progression to severe resp distress 
prim organism: H flu 
prevent: Hib vaccine 
NEVER USE A TONGUE DEPRESSOR 
the less noise they make the worse
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24
Q

RSV
what is it
s/s
tx

A

lower resp tract illness caused by an acute viral infection that affects the bronchioles
s/s: nasal discharge, wheezing, paroxysmal cough, tachypnea with flaring nares
tx: mild: tx symptoms. severe: IV fluids, albuterol, antipyretics, suction, o2

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25
Q

pneumonia
what is it
s/s
tx

A

inflammation of the lungs.
s/s: fine crackles or ronchi with a cough that is either productive or non productive
chest pain
back or abdominal pain
fever
tx: o2, fluids for hydration, antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia/supportive care for viral

26
Q

cleft palate and lip

A

affects the oropharynex and increases the risk of malnutrition and aspiration
pre op: infants must be fed with an elongated nipple or medicine dropper down the side of the mouth to prevent aspiration. burp frequently because they swallow lots of air
post op: protect the sutures. position them supine or side lying. DO NOT PLACE PRONE. soft diet until healed

27
Q

if a baby is born with both cleft lip and palate, which problem do they correct first

A

cleft lip to assist with feeding

28
Q

GERD
what is it
tx

A

backwash or reflex of gastric contents into the esophagus

tx: use upright position with feeding and for 30 minutes after, frequent burping, thicken formula

29
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

projectile vomiting during and after a feeding
s/s: olive shaped mass in the epigastric region which is the enlarged pylorus
tx: hydration and electrolyte replacement, I and o, monitor urine specific gravity, daily weight, surgery

30
Q

intussusception
what is it
s/s
tx

A

piece of the bowel telescopes in on itself forming an obstruction
s/s: drawing up the knees, sudden onset, episodes of pain, currant jelly stools
tx: enema or surgery

31
Q

hirschsprung disease
what is it
s/s
tx

A

congenital anomaly aka aganglionic mega colon, mechanical obstruction
s/s constipation; there are no nerves=no peristalsis, abdominal distension, ribbon-like stools that have a foul smell
tx:surgery to remove portion of the bowel that is diseased

32
Q

head lice

A

itching
spread through direct contact
bag up all toys
tx: antiparasitic meds

33
Q

pin worms
how is it spread
tx

A

rectal itching
spread hand to mouth
whole family should be treated- wash all sheets and clean bathrooms
specimen- tape test on rectum to collect eggs
tx: mebendazole, good hand washing, fingernails short

34
Q

infectious mono
name virus
s/s
tx

A

s/s: sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, liver or spleen enlargement
epstein barr virus
tx: rest, analgesics, increase fluids, good nutrition
prevent contact sports

35
Q

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
who gets this?
how do you position post op

A

performed on children with recurrent upper respiratory infections or obstructive sleep issues
post op: place on their side and elevate HOB or prone position to prevent aspiration
complains of sore throat and slight ear pain, low grade temp is normal

36
Q

what would indicate that hemorrhaging is occuring after tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy

A

frequent swallowing

37
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

involves both GI and respiratory systems.
pancreatic enzymes must be given to help improve digestion
high fat and high calorie diet
s/s: steaorrhea, hyponatremic, thick and sticky secretions

38
Q

test for cystic fibrosis

A

sweat chloride test

39
Q

in newborns what Is the earliest sign of CF

A

meconium ileus

40
Q

what type of infections are down syndrome children most prone to developing

A

respiratory infections because they have a poor immune system

41
Q

celiac disease

A

malabsorption due to an intestinal intolerance to gluten
CANNOT HAVE BROW:
barley, rye, oats, wheat
CAN HAVE RCS: rice, corn, soy

42
Q

sickle cell disease
what is it
s/s
tx

A

anemia in which the normal hemoglobin is partly or completely replaced by abnormal hemoglobin and sickled shaped RBC
s/s: pain, anorexia, fatigue
tx: bedrest, HYDRATION

43
Q

duchennes muscular dystrophy
what is it
s/s

A

specific to male children because it is x linked recessive trait
s/s: lordosis- curvature of lower spine, waddling gait, frequent falls, toe walking, gowers sign

44
Q

tx of duchennes

A

maintain muscle function with physical therapy
prevent contractures
steroids may help improve muscle strength and respiratory function

45
Q

tet spells

A

hypercyanotic spells are seen in children with the congenital heart defect of tetralogy of fallot
insufficient blood flow to the lungs

46
Q

tx for tet spells

A

knee chest position which forces blood to go to lungs to be oxygenated
100% o2, monitor cardiac output, morphine for sedation
quiet play, minimize stress

47
Q

congenital heart defects

A

structural defect of the heart or great vessels that is present at birth

48
Q

UTI

A

s/s: failure to thrive, feeding problems, if not treated= kidney failure, foul smelling urine
frequency, dysuria, fever, flank pain, hematuria

49
Q

causes of uti

A

renal anomalies, constipation, bubble baths, poor hyigene, pin worms, sexual activity

50
Q

tx for uti

A

antibiotics

teach prevention: proper wiping technique, no bubble baths, cotton underwear, limit carbonated drinks

51
Q

hydrocephalus what is it and s/s

A

disturbance of the ventricular circulation of cerebral spinal fluid. this fluid builds up and caused ICP
s/s: bulging fontanels with head enlargement, depressed or sunken eyes, setting sun sign

52
Q

diagnosis hydrcephalus

A

head circumference

53
Q

myelomeningocele

A

associated with hydrocephalus. when baby is born with spina bifida- protect the sack and dont let it rupture. sterile moist dressing and baby lies prone

54
Q

scoliosis tx

A

3 O’s
observation
orthosis- supports and braces
operation- spinal fusion w rods

55
Q

chicken pox

primary prevention

A

same virus causes shingles

infection of the lesions

56
Q

virus that causes chicken pox

A

varicella zoster

57
Q

sets reasonable limits on behavior, encourages growing autonomy of child, open communication

A

authoritative

58
Q

no limit setting, lack of affection for the child, focus is on own life

A

indifferent

59
Q

5 rights of delegation

A 
right task
right circumstances
right person
right direction 
right supervision
60
Q

LPN and meds

A

can administer IVPB meds but not IV PUSH.
can monitor blood transfusions but cannot initiate it
administer meds in NG tube, G tube/button, J tube
insert and remove urinary catheters

61
Q

fluid bolus

A

20 ml/kg

NCLEX (17 decks)

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