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NCLEX > module 4 > Flashcards

module 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

endocrine thyroid a & p

A

produces 3 hormones
calcitonin, t3, t4
need calcitonin to keep calcium in the bone
thyroid hormones give us energy and need iodine to make them

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2
Q

hyperthyroid / graves disease

A 
too much energy!
nervous 
decrease weight gain 
hot/sweaty
exophthalmos 
decrease attention span 
increase appetite 
irritable 
GI increase or decrease 
BP increase
increase thyroid
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3
Q

oncology risk factors

A

alchohol and tobacco = co carcinogens
diet: low fiber, increase fat, preservatives, nitrates
age >60*
hereditary
exposure: carcinogens/ultra violent radiation
chronic inflammation
hx of cancer or chemo

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4
Q

oncology primary prevention

A 
Prevention:
No smoking
Exercise and good nutrition
Normal weight
Limit alcohol
Vaccines
Sunscreen, avoid second hand smoke
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5
Q

hyperthyroid diagnosis

A

decrease TSH, increase T4

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6
Q

amiodarone

A

antiarrhythmic drug, contains high levels of iodine and may affect thyroid function

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7
Q

tx for hyperthyroid

A

methimazole which stops the thyroid from making thyroid hormone
iodine compounds that decrease the vascularity of the gland
beta blockers
radioactive iodine therapy- destroys thyroid cells causing hypothyroid

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8
Q

hypothyroid

A 
no energy
fatigue
no expression 
speech slow/slurred
weight gain 
GI decrease
cold
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9
Q

hypothyroid diagnosis

A

increase TSH and decrease T4

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10
Q

tx for hypothyroid

A

levothyroxine; take on empty stomach

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11
Q

parathyroid

A

calcium problem; too much parathyroid- calcium goes up

not enough parathyroid- calcium goes down

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12
Q

hyperparathyroidism

what is it ? and tx

A

hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia
too much PTH
SEDATION.
take out the parathyroid so post op = hypocalcemia

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13
Q

hypoparathyroidism

what is it? and tx

A

hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia
not enough PTH
no sedated
tx is calcium

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14
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

in the adrenal medulla
benign tumors that secrete epi and norepi in boluses
BP, HR, Palpitations, headache = increased

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15
Q

adrenal cortex

A

glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, and sex hormones

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16
Q

glucocorticoids

A
  • change your mood
  • alter defense mechanism; immunosuppressed, high risk for infection
  • breakdown fats and proteins
  • inhibit insulin- hyperglycemic
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17
Q

mineralcorticoids

A

aldosterone
makes you retain na and h2o
makes you lose K

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18
Q

sex hormones

A

too many: hirsutism, acne, irregular menstrual cycle

not enough: decrease axillary and pubic hair, decrease sex drive

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19
Q

addisons
what is it
s/s
tx

A

not enough steroids
extreme fatigue, n/v/d, anorexia, hypotension, confusion, hyperpigmentation, white patchy area of depigmented
decreased sodium, increase potassium, hypoglycemia
tx: combat shock, retain na in diet, I/o, daily weight, FVD

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20
Q

cushings
what is it
s/s
tx

A

too many steroids
CHF, weight gain, FVO, hyperglycemia, moon face, truncal obesity, buffalo hump, oily skin, women with male traits
Increase sodium decrease k
tx: increase k, decrease na

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21
Q

long term use of steroids you will see what in the urine

A

ketones and glucose

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22
Q

type 1

A

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia= hyperglycemic
they have no insulin production
tx: insulin

23
Q

dka is seen in

A

type 1; kussmaul respirations so metabolic acidosis

24
Q

type 2

A

have insulin but not enough; usually overweight
s/s: repeated vaginal infections, wounds that wont heal
tx: oral agents and/or insulin

25
Q

metabolic syndrome

A 
waist circumference >35 women and >40 men 
triglycerides >150 
HDL <40 in men <50 in women 
blood pressure >130/85
FBS >100
26
Q

gestational diabetes

what is it and when are moms usually screened

A

resembles type 2
mom needs more insulin than normal
24-28 weeks all moms are screens

27
Q

when should a diabetic person exercise

A

when blood sugar is at its highest

28
Q

metformin

A

do not see hypoglycemia with this since it does not stimulate the release of more insulin .
need to stop taking this if client needs contrast dye 48 hours before and after

29
Q

hba1c levels are checked how often

A

past 3-4 months

30
Q

what happens to your blood sugar when you are sick or stressed?

A

increase

31
Q

if hypoglycemic what should the client do

A

eat/drink a simple carb snacks should be 15 grams of carbohydrates

32
Q

HHS

2 s/s

A

seen in type 2
looks like DKA but no acidosis
NO breakdown of fats so NO ketones= no acid
hyperglycemia and dehydration

33
Q

diabetic foot care

A 
cut toenails straight across
dry completely between toes
wear well fitting shoes
inspect feet everyday 
no harsh chemicals
34
Q

primary prevention

A

help prevent the actual occurrence of cancer such as no smoking, exercise, maintain normal body weight, limit or eliminate alcohol

35
Q

secondary prevention

A

when we use early screenings to pick up on cancer early, when there is a greater chance for cure or control
breast self exams, testes exams, pap smear, mammogram, colonoscopy

36
Q

tertiary prevention

A

focuses on the management of long term care for clients with complex treatments for cancer such as support groups and rehab programs

37
Q

4 bleeding precautions

A

electric razor, soft toothbrush, no IM, quiet play for children

38
Q

extreme wasting and malnutrition

A

cachexia

39
Q

blood tests for cancer

A

NEUTROPHILS

AST and ALT will be elevated

40
Q

goal of chemotherapy

A

eliminate or reduce the number of cancer cells by destroying the cells as they are developing; helps when cells are actively growing

41
Q

chemo precautions

A

chemotherapy gown, 2 pairs of gloves, and goggles/mask

42
Q

2 types of transplant

A

stem cell transplant- when stem cells are transplanted from the blood stream
bone marrow transplant- when stem cells are transplated from bone marrow

43
Q

non pharm for n.v

A

ginger, acupunture, aromatherapy, relaxation techniques

44
Q

3 systems affected with cancer

A

GI, hematopoietic, and integumentary

45
Q

neutropenia
WHAT IS IT
TX

A

decrease in neutrophils. calculate ANC
2500-8000
neutropenic precautions and antibiotics

46
Q

thrombocytopenia
what is it
tx

A

is a decrease in the number of circulating platelets in the blood; platelets help with clot1ting
tx: give platelets

47
Q

notify the doc if a client is hypo or hyperthyroid and is on

A

amiodarone

48
Q

post thyroidectomy

A

suction, o2, and trach set at beside

49
Q

hunger is a sign of

A

hypoglycemia

50
Q

metformin

A

works only on glucose and doesnt stimulate production of insulin
decrease hypoglycemic
increase gastric emptying so DIARRHEA

51
Q

prevention screenings for women 4

A

monthly breast exams
mammograms at age 40
annual pelvic and breast exams
pap smear every 1-3 years

52
Q

prevention screenings for men 2

A

monthly breast and testes exam

digital rectal and prostate over age 50

53
Q

prevention screenings for BOTH

A

colonoscopy at 50 then q 10 years

annual fecal occult blood

NCLEX (17 decks)

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