Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NCLEX > module 1 > Flashcards

module 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards
1
Q

FVE hypervolemia

A 
too much fluid in the vascular space 
causes: 
HF
RF
Too much sodium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hormonal regulation of fluid volume aldosterone

A

made in the adrenal glands and retains sodium and water which increases fluid volume. mineralsteriods

Too much aldosterone
CONN syndrome -hyperaldosteronism
Cushings

Not enough aldosterone
Addisons disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hormonal regulation of fluid volume ADH

A

retains water
anti-diuretic hormone

too much ADH
FVE
SIADH
*ADH- think health problems

too little ADH
FVD
DI
*think shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

vasopressin

desmopression

A

ADH replacement
causes fluid retention
used for DI, enuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

FVE s/s

A 
distended neck veins 
edema 
VS changes: increase CVP, increase BP 
polyuria 
lung sounds wet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

FVE tx

A

diuretic- hydrochlorothiasize, K sparing
decrease NA
bed rest
IV slowly to elderly pt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

fluid retention

A

think heart first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

FVD = hypovolemia

A

causes: loss of fluid from anywhere such as vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding
polyuria
third space- burns, ascites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

FVD s/s

A

weight loss, decrease skin turgor, dry membranes
decreased uo
VS: D BP, I PULSE, I RR, D CVP
Urine specific gravity: increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

FVD tx

A

prevent further loss
replace fluids: mild deficit= oral; severe deficit= IV
monitor for overload
fall precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

IV fluids isotonic

A

goes in and stays
D5W, 0.9 NS, LR, 55 1/4 NS
FOR: fluid loss when they dont have HTN, kidney or heart problems
NOT FOR: HTN, cardiac or kidney problems because it can cause hypernatremia, FVE, HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

IV hypotonic

A

goes into the vascular space then moves OUT to rehydrate
D2.5W, 1/2 NS, 0.33 NS
FOR: clients with HTN, cardiac or kidney problems but need fluid replacement. immunocompromised patient
Will dilute in hypernatremia; good for dehydrated pt
Watch for cellular edema, FVD, Decrease BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ph

A 
Normal: 7.35 – 7.45 
< 7.35 = Acidosis
> 7.45 = Alkalosis
Affects the brain 
Kidneys &amp; Lungs control pH 
Lungs with CO2 = fast 
Kidneys  with H+, HCO3 =slow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

burns home safety

A 
Hot h2o heaters
table clothes
ovens attached to walls
cooking pots
electrical socket
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

burn patho

A

tissue damage - plasma seeps (3rd spacing) - FVD/shock - increase pulse - decrease UO - epi and aldosterone compensate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

too much ADH

A 
retain water 
FVE
SIADH
worried about HF
UO = concentrated
blood= dilute
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

not enough ADH

A 
losing water - SHOCK 
FVD 
DI 
UO = diluted
blood = concentrated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

concentrated makes the numbers go

A

UP

urine specific gravy, sodium, and hematocrit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

problems with ADH think

A

head injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

basic solution given with blood

A

ns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

IV hypertonic

A

enters the vessels and expands the vascular space
D10W, 3% NS, 5% NS, D5LR, TPN, ALBUMIN
FOR: hyponatremia, severe edema, burns, or ascites
watch: FVE, BP, PULSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hypermagnesium

A 
causes:
renal failure 
anatacids 
s/s: warm, flushing 
tx: calcium gluconate, dialysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hypercalcemia

A 
causes:
too much PTH 
thiazides (retain ca) 
immobilizations 
s/s: brittle bones, kidney stones 
tx: MOVE, fluids, add phos to diet,
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

s/s hyper magnesium and calcemia

A 
D DTR
weak muscle tone
arrhythmia YES
D LOC 
D pulse
D RR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

hypomagnesium

A

causes: diarrhea, alcohol
Tx: Mg, check kidney function, seizure precautions

26
Q

hypocalcemia

A

caues: not enough PTH; decreases serum Ca
Tx: calcium, vitamin D, phosphate binders, IV Ca give slowly since it slows HR and widen QRS

27
Q

S/S HYPO mag and cal

A 
rigid/tight muscle tone
seizures
\+chvosteks or +trousseaus
DTR I
muscle problems
28
Q

hypernatremia = dehydration

A

too much sodium and not enough water
causes: hyperventilation, heat stroke, DI
S/S: dry mouth, thirst, swollen tongue, neuro changes
Tx: no Na, dilute client with fluids, I/O, daily weight, hypotonic solutions

29
Q

sodium problems think

A

neuro changes

30
Q

hyponatremia

A

too much water not enough sodium
causes: drinking too much water, SIADH
S/S: headache, seizure, coma
Tx: Na, restrict water, hypertonic solution

31
Q

problems with K

A

arrhythmias

32
Q

sodium has an inverse relationship with

A

potassium

33
Q

where do you want to give potassium

A

if possible, in the largest site because it burns and hurts the vessels

34
Q

respiratory acidosis

A

too much CO2
hypoventilating; slow breathing so retaining co2
tx: give o2, fix the breathing problem

35
Q

respiratory alk

A

too little co2
hyperventilation
tx: possible sedation, monitor abgs

36
Q

metabolic acidosis = hyperkalemia

A

RR will increase
causes: DKA, starvation, renal failure
kussmaul rr, hyperkalemia

37
Q

metabolic alk=hypokalemia

A

too much base

replace with K

38
Q

RULE OF 9

A 
head and neck - 9
front trunk- 18 
back trunk - 18
each arm - 9 
each leg - 18
genitals - 1
39
Q

carbon monoxide

A

hemoglobin binds with o2
carbon monoxide is a lot faster than o2 and will bind with hemoglobin first, client is hypoxic and needs o2
pulse ox is not a good indicator

40
Q

fluid replacement for burns

A

crystalloids and colloids (LR and albumin) are used for fluid replacement

41
Q

what does albumin do

A

holds onto fluid in the vascular space

alert: cause stress the heart too much so we wanna check CVP to ensure the infusion is not overloading the client

42
Q

what 2 things in diet will help with burns and promote healing

A

protein and vitamin c

43
Q

Eschar

A

is dead tissue that has to be removed so that new tissue can form. if its not no new tissue will form and can put the client at risk for infections

44
Q

chemical burns

A

flush w water or sterile saline for 15-30 mins

45
Q

electrical burns

A

put them on a cardiac monitor
monitor for v fib
can cause neurological deficits

46
Q

top 5 high alert meds

A 
insulin 
opiates and narcotics 
potassium chloride or phosphate concentrate 
IV anticoagulants- heparin 
sodium chloride solutions about 0.9%
47
Q

FVD

A

numbers are HIGH
sodium, hematocrit, and urine SG
because you are dehydrated and this concentrates these numbers

48
Q

FVE and diseases

A

cushings, CONN, heart failure, renal failure, SIADH

49
Q

FVD and diseases

A

DI, diabetes, addisons, burns, ascites, shock

50
Q

formula for fluid replacement

A

2-4 mL of LR X body weight in kg X % of TBSA burned= total fluid requirement for the first 24 hours
1st 8 hours= 1/2 total volume
2nd 8=1/4 total volume
3rd 8 = 1/4 total volume

51
Q

immunizations for burns

A

tetanus toxoid: active immunity

immune globulin: passive immunity with provides immediate protection

52
Q

compare and contrast isotonic and hypertonic solutions

A

iso- increases fluids in vascular space
hyper- pulls fluids from the tissues
BOTH increase BP/CO

53
Q

COMPLICATIONS of burns

A

muscle damage
myoglobin clogs renal tubules
renal failure

SO give fluids and diuretic so they get rid of all this, mannitol

54
Q

loop diuretic

A

pulls fluid from the blood

55
Q

osmotic diuretic

A

pulls fluid from intracellular compartments

56
Q

hydrotherapy

A

worried about cross contamination and infection so patient needs pain meds and antibiotics

57
Q

specific indicator of renal function

A

creatinine

58
Q

abdominal surgeries

A

worry about acidosis

59
Q

when a patient has reduced blood flow

A

the body cant get rid of alkaline

60
Q

diarrhea and vomiting

A

losing acid in the body so becoming alkalosis

NCLEX (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions