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BIOD171 > Module 6 > Flashcards

Module 6 Flashcards

1
Q

True or False. Because the genome is contained within an enclosed space (much like the nucleus of a cell), viruses are classified as eukaryotic.

A

F

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2
Q

Describe the two basic components of a virus.

A
  1. Genomic material (DNA and RNA)
  2. Capsid (membrane-like structure that contains genetic material)
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3
Q

The envelope surrounds the _________ of some viruses.

A

Capsid

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4
Q

True or False. You would expect to see a viral envelope on a virus infecting a plant cell.

A

F

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5
Q

Rank the following viruses based on their size from largest to smallest:
Paramyxovirus
Poliovirus
Smallpox virus

A

smallpox
>paramyxovirus
>polio

SPP

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6
Q

True or False: Highly infectious viruses undergo genome replication prior to viral attachment and entry.

A

F

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7
Q

Place the following viral life cycle steps in order beginning with viral attachment and provide a description of each step.

Uncoating:
Release:
Replication:
Attachment:
Entry:
New infection:

A
  1. Attachment: the virus attaches the host cell through proteins on the host cell.
  2. Entry: the virus fuses with the host cell’s membrane and enters the cell.
  3. Uncoating: the capsid is disassembled
  4. Replication: Using genomic material from the virus, the virus replicates within the host cell.
  5. Release: new virus cells exit the host cell and are released.
  6. New Infection: the process continues resulting in an infection.
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8
Q

A virus that infects bacteria is called a [answer1] and contains a [answer2] -sided polygon capsid.

A
  1. Bacteriophage
  2. 20
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9
Q

True or False. Structurally, bacteriophages are distinct from viruses that infect plant or animal cells.

A

T

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10
Q

Identify the following components of a bacteriophage.

A
  1. capsid
  2. collar
  3. tail
  4. base plate
  5. tail fibers
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11
Q

Describe the main differences between lytic and temperate phages.

A

In lytic phages, replication continues to occur until the host cell dies. In temperate phages, replication and cell death do not occur.

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12
Q

Based on the following image, would you expect the viral titer to be high or low? Why?

A

Turbidity and Virus Levels:

High turbidity: Lots of bacteria, so fewer viruses.
Low turbidity: Fewer bacteria, so more viruses.

Mnemonic: “High turbidity, fewer viruses; low turbidity, more viruses.”

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13
Q

Which of the following can be spread via airborne particles:

measles
mumps
rubella
A and B
All of the above

A

All of the above

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14
Q

True or False. A patient infected with rubella is only considered infectious when the trademark rash is visible.

A

F

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15
Q

A patient diagnosed with German measles may additionally experience what disease? Select all that apply.

A

Conjunctivitis and Influenza-like symptoms.

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16
Q

Which of the following diseases does a linear, single-stranded RNA virus cause?

Measles
Mumps
Rubella
B and C
All of the above

A

All of the above

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17
Q

What disease is best characterized by painful swelling of the paratoid?

A

Mumps

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18
Q

Describe two ways chickenpox can be spread.

A

Chickenpox is highly contagious and can be transmitted (1) through both air-borne droplets (sneezing/coughs) or via (2) direct contact with the blisters of an infected individual.

19
Q

True or False. The development of shingles is most often seen in an older adult population (> 60 years old).

A

T

20
Q

True or False. Unlike chickenpox, the blisters that appear with shingles are localized and limited to small areas.

A

T

21
Q

A person who has neither previously had chickenpox nor been administered the VZV vaccine is exposed to someone with an active VZV (shingles) outbreak and becomes infected. Explain why (or why not) the person will only develop shingles.

A

The infected individual will not develop shingles, but will develop chickenpox. Unvaccinated and unexposed individuals must first develop chickenpox, as shingles is the reactivation of the dormant VZV virus from the chickenpox infection.

22
Q

What linear, double-stranded, enveloped DNA virus is the first virus (as of Oct. 26, 1977) to be officially declared eradicated?

A

Smallpox

23
Q

What small (~30nm) single-stranded, non-enveloped RNA virus causes temporary or permanent paralysis by infiltrating (infecting) motor neurons within the spinal cord, brain stem, or motor cortex?

A

Polio

24
Q

By whom and where was the first polio vaccine developed?

A

Jonas Salk; University of Pittsburg in 1955

25
Q

Which subtype of Influenza is the most virulent?

A

Influenza A

26
Q

A drug company is trying to develop a new drug that will inhibit viral entry of Influenza. Would the drug company target hemagglutinin proteins or neuraminidase proteins? Why?

A

Hemagglutinin (HA) proteins would be targets as they are directly involved in viral attachment and entry into the host cell. Neuraminidase proteins are involved in the budding and release of new viral particles and would thus not be the correct target.

27
Q

Explain why the flu shot given each year may not be 100% effective at preventing the flu?

A

Your vaccine does not prevent all strains of the flu. If you are exposed to a strain that the flu shot did not innoculate you for then you can develop that particular strain of the flu.

28
Q

True or False. The viral capsid of HIV is dumbbell shaped and contains ~2,000 copies of the viral protein p24.

A

F

29
Q

The HIV surface glycoprotein gp41 binds what host cellular receptor?

A

CXCR4

30
Q

An individual infected with HIV is placed on anti-retroviral medication. What is the general purpose of this medication?

A

The purpose is to stop the replication of the virus.

31
Q

True or False . Although viruses may contain their genome within an enclosed space ( much like the nucleus of a cell ) , it is considered neither eukaryotic nor prokaryotic .

A

T

32
Q

Rank the following viruses based on their size from largest to smallest : Orthomyxovirus, Poliovirus, Variolavirus

A

VOP

33
Q

True or False : Viral replication occurs after it attaches and enters the host cell .

A

T

34
Q

A virus that infects bacteria is called a [ answer1 ] and contains a [ answer2 ] -sided polygon capsid .

A
  1. Bacteriophage
  2. 20
35
Q

True or False . Structurally , bacteriophages are similar to viruses that infect ANIMALS .

A

F

36
Q

True or False . Structurally , bacteriophages are distinct from viruses that infect plant or animal cells .

A

T

37
Q

True or False . A patient infected with rubella is considered infectious one week before and after the appearance of the trademark rash .

A

T

38
Q

What disease displays as a secondary characteristic swelling of the testes / ovaries and pancreas ?

A

Mumps

39
Q

True or False . Similar to chickenpox , the blisters that appear with shingles can cover the entire body .

A

F

40
Q

While traveling abroad , should you be worried about coming into contact with either the Variola major or Variola minor viruses ?

A

No. Because both viruses are a subset of small pox and had since been eradicated since 1977

41
Q

Describe the main underlining differences between the Salk and Sabin polio vaccine .

A

The Salk vaccine contained an inactivated form of the virus and was injected while the Sabin vaccine contained a live attenuated ( weakened ) form of the virus and was administered orally .

42
Q

A drug company is trying to develop a new drug that will inhibit the release of newly produced viral particles . Would the drug company target hemagglutinin proteins or neuraminidase proteins ? Why ?

A

Neuraminidase . Because they work directy with the release of the new virus and would be better targets

43
Q

The HIV surface glycoprotein gp120 binds what host cellular receptor ?

A

CD4

BIOD171 (7 decks)

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