Module 2 Flashcards
T/F: As movement requires energy, metabolism can be defined as a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in only mobile organisms in order to maintain life?
False, metabolism occurs in all living organisms
T/F: Enzymes are polysaccharides that catalyze chemical reactions
False
What is a cofactor and give a general example
A small chemical components that helps an enzyme during a catalyst reaction. An example could be a metal ion.
Define anabolism
The building of macromolecules from something smaller
ATP has the energy to ——– while ADP has the capacity to ——— energy
donate, accept
In order to promote proteins in amino acids, which metabolic process would be active?
Catabolism
Describe the energy transfer process realtive to ATP and ADP
ATP detonates the energy in the form of phosphate and ADP accepts it to synthesize proteins.
An organelle that derives it energy (generated ATP) from photons of light is called?
Phototroph
An organelle that derives its energy from removing electrons from elemental sulphur would be classified as a?
Lithotroph
This phosphorylation process occurs in the mitochondria of chemotropic eukaryotes
Oxidative Phosphorilation
The catabolism of a single molecule of glucose goes through what 3 distinct transitions?
Glycolysis, fermentation, and the electron transport chain
What is the most energetic transition in the catabolism of glucose?
ETC, it yields 34 ATP
Identify the reactants of the following chemical equation:
Glucose + 2NAD+ -> 2 NADH + 2 Pyruvate + 2ATP
Glucose and 2NAD+
The presence of what molecule ‘signals’ to the cell that glycolysis is about to start?
Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)
T/F: During fermentation, one means of eliminating pyruvate is by converting it into lactic acid
True
How many turns or repetitions of the Calvin cycle are required to generate one molecule of glucose?
6
How many ATP does the tricarboxllyc acid (TCA) cycle produce per pyruvate?
A. 4
B. 2
C. 34
D. 1
D
T/F: The reactants of the TCA cycle directly enter and fuel the electron transport system?
False. The products of the TCA cycle (reduced electron carriers) enter and drive the production of ATP via the electron transport system.
In the absence of glucose, which of the following cannot be used as alternative energy sources?
Nucleic Acid
In the absence of glucose, which of the following can be used as alternative energy sources? Select all that apply
A. Fatty Acid Chains
B. Lactose
C. Carbohydrates
D. Nucleic Acid
ABC
For the catabolism of proteins and lipids, which of the following enzymes are used?
Proteases and Lipases, proteases breakdown proteins while lipases breakdown lipids.
T/F- The B-oxidation pathway catabolizes the fatty acid chains of lipids
T
Describe the relationship between chloroplasts and chlorophyll
Both chloroplasts and chlorophyll are associated with photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are double membrane-enclosed organelles that contain chlorophyll
T/F: Plants agae and and bacteria all contain chloroplasts
False
T/F- Chloroplasts are specific to algae and plants
True
The process of photophosphorylation produces which of the following:
A. H20
B. G3P
C. ATP
D. NADPH
C and D
In phosphorylation, the light reactions always occur where?
In the membrane
True or false, dark reactions can take place in the presence or absence of light
True
What is true pertaining to the dark reactions of photosynthesis? Select all that apply
A. It is the first step of photosynthesis
B. Results in the formation of NADP and ADP
C. It is the second step of photosynthesis
D. It is known as the Calvin cycle
E. Results in the formation of carbohydrates
F. Does not depend on sunlight
G. It is known as photophosphorylation
H. Results in the formation of ATP and NADPH
I. Process results in carbon fixation
J. Process results in a proton concentration gradient
K. Occur in the membrane It converts light energy into chemical energy
CDEFH
T/F: The Calvin Cycle must occur in the absense of light?
False
MEMORIZE THE NUMBERS
6, 18, 12, 12, 18, 12
A-B+H2O ->A-OH+B-H
Hydrolases
A-B->B-A
Isomerases
A+B->A-B
Ligases
A-B->A+B
Lyases
In the absence of glucose, what cannot be used as alternative energy source?
Nucleic Acid
T/F: In absence of oxygen fermentation produces only 2 ATP
False. Fermentation only reduces NADH back to NAD+
An organism that derives its energy by removing electrons from elemental sulfur would be classified as
Lithotroph
T/F: Enzymes are polysaccharides that catalyze chemical reactions
F
The reactants of the chemical equation are to the —— of the arrow
Left
Upon cellular injury, which metabolic process is involved during the growth and repair phases of the cell.
Anabolism
What is Catabolism?
The process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources
True or False: Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in to maintain life
True
In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
Chloroplast
In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
Chloroplast
The chemical compound losing the phosphate group is referred to as the
phosphorylated reactive intermediate
A reactive intermediate would be present in which phosphorylation process
substrate level phosphorilation
