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BIOD171 > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: As movement requires energy, metabolism can be defined as a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in only mobile organisms in order to maintain life?

A

False, metabolism occurs in all living organisms

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2
Q

T/F: Enzymes are polysaccharides that catalyze chemical reactions

A

False

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3
Q

What is a cofactor and give a general example

A

A small chemical components that helps an enzyme during a catalyst reaction. An example could be a metal ion.

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4
Q

Define anabolism

A

The building of macromolecules from something smaller

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5
Q

ATP has the energy to ——– while ADP has the capacity to ——— energy

A

donate, accept

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6
Q

In order to promote proteins in amino acids, which metabolic process would be active?

A

Catabolism

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7
Q

Describe the energy transfer process realtive to ATP and ADP

A

ATP detonates the energy in the form of phosphate and ADP accepts it to synthesize proteins.

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8
Q

An organelle that derives it energy (generated ATP) from photons of light is called?

A

Phototroph

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9
Q

An organelle that derives its energy from removing electrons from elemental sulphur would be classified as a?

A

Lithotroph

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10
Q

This phosphorylation process occurs in the mitochondria of chemotropic eukaryotes

A

Oxidative Phosphorilation

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11
Q

The catabolism of a single molecule of glucose goes through what 3 distinct transitions?

A

Glycolysis, fermentation, and the electron transport chain

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12
Q

What is the most energetic transition in the catabolism of glucose?

A

ETC, it yields 34 ATP

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13
Q

Identify the reactants of the following chemical equation:

Glucose + 2NAD+ -> 2 NADH + 2 Pyruvate + 2ATP

A

Glucose and 2NAD+

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14
Q

The presence of what molecule ‘signals’ to the cell that glycolysis is about to start?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)

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15
Q

T/F: During fermentation, one means of eliminating pyruvate is by converting it into lactic acid

A

True

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16
Q

How many turns or repetitions of the Calvin cycle are required to generate one molecule of glucose?

A

6

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17
Q

How many ATP does the tricarboxllyc acid (TCA) cycle produce per pyruvate?
A. 4
B. 2
C. 34
D. 1

A

D

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18
Q

T/F: The reactants of the TCA cycle directly enter and fuel the electron transport system?

A

False. The products of the TCA cycle (reduced electron carriers) enter and drive the production of ATP via the electron transport system.

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19
Q

In the absence of glucose, which of the following cannot be used as alternative energy sources?

A

Nucleic Acid

20
Q

In the absence of glucose, which of the following can be used as alternative energy sources? Select all that apply

A. Fatty Acid Chains
B. Lactose
C. Carbohydrates
D. Nucleic Acid

A

ABC

21
Q

For the catabolism of proteins and lipids, which of the following enzymes are used?

A

Proteases and Lipases, proteases breakdown proteins while lipases breakdown lipids.

22
Q

T/F- The B-oxidation pathway catabolizes the fatty acid chains of lipids

A

T

23
Q

Describe the relationship between chloroplasts and chlorophyll

A

Both chloroplasts and chlorophyll are associated with photosynthesis. Chloroplasts are double membrane-enclosed organelles that contain chlorophyll

24
Q

T/F: Plants agae and and bacteria all contain chloroplasts

A

False

25
Q

T/F- Chloroplasts are specific to algae and plants

A

True

26
Q

The process of photophosphorylation produces which of the following:

A. H20
B. G3P
C. ATP
D. NADPH

A

C and D

27
Q

In phosphorylation, the light reactions always occur where?

A

In the membrane

28
Q

True or false, dark reactions can take place in the presence or absence of light

A

True

29
Q

What is true pertaining to the dark reactions of photosynthesis? Select all that apply

A. It is the first step of photosynthesis
B. Results in the formation of NADP and ADP
C. It is the second step of photosynthesis
D. It is known as the Calvin cycle
E. Results in the formation of carbohydrates
F. Does not depend on sunlight
G. It is known as photophosphorylation
H. Results in the formation of ATP and NADPH
I. Process results in carbon fixation
J. Process results in a proton concentration gradient
K. Occur in the membrane It converts light energy into chemical energy

A

CDEFH

30
Q

T/F: The Calvin Cycle must occur in the absense of light?

A

False

31
Q

MEMORIZE THE NUMBERS

A

6, 18, 12, 12, 18, 12

32
Q

A-B+H2O ->A-OH+B-H

A

Hydrolases

33
Q

A-B->B-A

A

Isomerases

34
Q

A+B->A-B

A

Ligases

35
Q

A-B->A+B

A

Lyases

36
Q

In the absence of glucose, what cannot be used as alternative energy source?

A

Nucleic Acid

37
Q

T/F: In absence of oxygen fermentation produces only 2 ATP

A

False. Fermentation only reduces NADH back to NAD+

38
Q

An organism that derives its energy by removing electrons from elemental sulfur would be classified as

A

Lithotroph

39
Q

T/F: Enzymes are polysaccharides that catalyze chemical reactions

A

F

40
Q

The reactants of the chemical equation are to the —— of the arrow

A

Left

41
Q

Upon cellular injury, which metabolic process is involved during the growth and repair phases of the cell.

A

Anabolism

42
Q

What is Catabolism?

A

The process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources

43
Q

True or False: Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in to maintain life

A

True

44
Q

In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?

A

Chloroplast

45
Q

In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?

A

Chloroplast

46
Q

The chemical compound losing the phosphate group is referred to as the

A

phosphorylated reactive intermediate

47
Q

A reactive intermediate would be present in which phosphorylation process

A

substrate level phosphorilation

BIOD171 (7 decks)

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