Module 5 Flashcards
The concept of treating all samples, whether known or unknown, as potentially hazardous (or pathogenic) materials is known as _____.
Universal Precautions
List at least 3 observations a researchers would be sure to note while assessing an unknown microbial sample.
size and shape, motility, gram status, color change, chemical reactions
While observing an unknown sample of limited amounts, a researcher must determine motility and Gram status using the same sample. What would you determine first and why?
Motility because Gram staining requires the sample be fixed which would kill the organism and then you can’t observe motility.
A Facultative anaerobe is a microorganism capable of growth under what conditions?
aerobic and anaerobic conditions
As streptococcus is catalase negative would it thrive or die in the presence of peroxides? Why?
Die, and unable to breakdown peroxides
strep is most often streaked onto:
1.) chocolate agar
2.) EMB agar
3.) Blood agar
4.) Spirit blue agar
Blood
True or false: the Lancefield groups are used to subdivide antigenic groups of alpha-hemolytic Steptococcus
F
The distinctions for Lancefield groupings lie in its
Carbohydrate composition of antigens
left untreated, strep throat can progress to___, which displays ___ hemolytic activity.
Rheumatic fever ; beta
Rheumatic fever displays (blank) hemolytic activity and occurs when (blank) is left untreated
Beta, Strep
True or false: under most circumstances, staphylococcus can be found in ~80% of the human population where it remains non-symptomatic
F
Define commensal bacteria
It neither harms nor benefits from the host from which it obtains nutrients
pathogen suppresses host immune system so it can continue replicating
evasion
pathogen passes through or between cells to access deeper tissues and nutrients
infection
pathogen is passed to another host to restart lifecycle
transmission
Match the following diseases with their respective symptoms:
- folliculitis
- scaled- skin syndrome
3.impetigo
4.conjuctivitis
5.opthalma neonatorum
A. Childhood skin disease near mouth/ nose
B. infection of thin, transparent scleral tissue
C. infection occurs at time of birth
D. Pus-filled lesions on skin or hair
E. Ruptured pustules ; treated with penicillin
1.) D
2.) E
3.) A
4.) B
5.) C
True or false. The causative agent of conjunctivitis can be either bacterial or viral
T
True or false: An acid fast stain is best suited to identify TB
T
True or false: Although TB must be inhaled and reside in the lung in order to cause infection, TB can also spread to the brain, spine, and kidneys
T
Identify the disease based on the following:
it is a small, acid-fast rod usually remaining asymptomatic for up to 20 years. It affects the skin, nerves, upper respiratory tract, and eyes of infected individuals
Leprosy
True or false: you can become infected with TB simply by sharing a drink with someone who is currently infected with TB
F
True or false: only directly ingesting the pre-formed Clostridium toxin (neither the bacteria nor its spores) will cause disease in adults
T
True or false : Directly ingesting clostridium or its associated spores will not cause illness in adults
F
A 5-month-old child is given honey at breakfast and begins showing symptoms consistent with botulism. Would the child’s illness be classified as foodborne, infant or wound botulism?
Infant Botulism ; the GI tract of an infant is not developed enough to handle honey which is a carrier of clostridium
True or false: there are currently no cures for tetanus
T
While visiting his grandparents, a 10-year-old child has been given green beans for dinner that were harvested from his grandparents’ garden and canned the previous year. Severe illness sets in and the child is taken to the hospital. Botulism is suspected, but what form? Explain
Foodborne botulism because he’s too old for it to be infant and it’s not a wound so the green beans were probably improperly canned
True or False. Although there is no cure for tetanus, it can be prevented through vaccination.
T
Why does the alpha toxin (perfringolysin) produced during an infection of gas gangrene cause cell death? (short answer)
The toxin perforates the membrane. It forms pores in the plasma membrane of host cells resulting in uncontrolled ion fluxes and eventually cell lysis and death
The alpha toxin perfringolysin is associated with which medical condition caused by Gram positive anaerobic bacteria?
Gas gangrene
True or false : Bubonic plague is often characterized by Gas gangrene painffully swollen lymph nodes
T
Which form of the plague is the most rare? what does it target?
Septicemic and it targets the blood system
indentify the following disease :
“ bulleyes rash”
( RED MARK IN MIDDLE WITH SURROUNDING RED HALO)
Lyme Disease
syphillis is caused by :
gram negative spirochete
True of false. Chlyamida is an obligate parasite and as such can bee grown on agar plates alone
F
Match the following diseases with their respective symptoms if left untreated:
- Gonorrhea
- syphilis
- chlamydia
A. Paralysis, blindness and dementia
B. Painfully swollen lymph nodes
C. Cardiac and neurological complications
D. Respiratory failure associated with lock-jaw
E. Infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease.
F. Sore throat, ocular discharge and fever
1.) Gonorrhea - C (cardiac and nuero complications)
2.) Chlamydia - A ( Paralysis, blindness and dementia
3.) Syphili’s - E ( Infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease)
You developed a fever, chills, and pneumonia after recently returning from a getaway weekend where you sat in a hot tub. What disease would a doctor suspect? Would the doctor suspect you got it from another person?
Legionaires and no
Which form of the plague is highly virulent? What does it target?
Pneumonic plague and the respiratory system
identify the following disease (hand with black center at site of infection) (short answer)
Anthrax
Gonorrhea is caused by
Diplococcic bacteria
True or False: Chlamydia trachomatis can be grown on an agar plate alone
F
Greater than 90% of all human streptococcal infections belong to (multiple choice)
Group A
Syphilis is caused by
Gram negative Spirochete
Identify the following disease:
(Black circle on left hand, thumb out)
anthrax
Identify the disease based on the following (select all that apply):
It is a small, acid-fast rod usually remaining asymptomatic for up to 20 years. It affects the skin, nerves, upper respiratory tract, and eyes of infected individuals.
Scalded-skin syndrome
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Leprosy
Hansen’s disease
Tuberculosis
Leprosy
Hansen’s disease
B and D. Hansen’s disease is simply another name for Leprosy. Leprosy is characterized by its ability to remain dormant for up to 20 years as well as the effects observed relative to the patients skin, nerves, lungs and eyes.
