Module 5

Question 1

The concept of treating all samples, whether known or unknown, as potentially hazardous (or pathogenic) materials is known as _____.

Answer 1

Universal Precautions

Question 2

List at least 3 observations a researchers would be sure to note while assessing an unknown microbial sample.

Answer 2

size and shape, motility, gram status, color change, chemical reactions

Question 3

While observing an unknown sample of limited amounts, a researcher must determine motility and Gram status using the same sample. What would you determine first and why?

Answer 3

Motility because Gram staining requires the sample be fixed which would kill the organism and then you can’t observe motility.

Question 4

A Facultative anaerobe is a microorganism capable of growth under what conditions?

Answer 4

aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Question 5

As streptococcus is catalase negative would it thrive or die in the presence of peroxides? Why?

Answer 5

Die, and unable to breakdown peroxides

Question 6

strep is most often streaked onto:

1.) chocolate agar
2.) EMB agar
3.) Blood agar
4.) Spirit blue agar

Answer 6

Blood

Question 7

True or false: the Lancefield groups are used to subdivide antigenic groups of alpha-hemolytic Steptococcus

Answer 7

F

Question 8

The distinctions for Lancefield groupings lie in its

Answer 8

Carbohydrate composition of antigens

Question 9

left untreated, strep throat can progress to___, which displays ___ hemolytic activity.

Answer 9

Rheumatic fever ; beta

Question 10

Rheumatic fever displays (blank) hemolytic activity and occurs when (blank) is left untreated

Answer 10

Beta, Strep

Question 11

True or false: under most circumstances, staphylococcus can be found in ~80% of the human population where it remains non-symptomatic

Answer 11

F

Question 12

Define commensal bacteria

Answer 12

It neither harms nor benefits from the host from which it obtains nutrients

Question 13

pathogen suppresses host immune system so it can continue replicating

Answer 13

evasion

Question 14

pathogen passes through or between cells to access deeper tissues and nutrients

Answer 14

infection

Question 15

pathogen is passed to another host to restart lifecycle

Answer 15

transmission

Question 16

Match the following diseases with their respective symptoms:

1. folliculitis
2. scaled- skin syndrome
   3.impetigo
   4.conjuctivitis
   5.opthalma neonatorum

A. Childhood skin disease near mouth/ nose
B. infection of thin, transparent scleral tissue
C. infection occurs at time of birth
D. Pus-filled lesions on skin or hair
E. Ruptured pustules ; treated with penicillin

Answer 16

1.) D
2.) E
3.) A
4.) B
5.) C

Question 17

True or false. The causative agent of conjunctivitis can be either bacterial or viral

Answer 17

T

Question 18

True or false: An acid fast stain is best suited to identify TB

Answer 18

T

Question 19

True or false: Although TB must be inhaled and reside in the lung in order to cause infection, TB can also spread to the brain, spine, and kidneys

Answer 19

T

Question 20

Identify the disease based on the following:

it is a small, acid-fast rod usually remaining asymptomatic for up to 20 years. It affects the skin, nerves, upper respiratory tract, and eyes of infected individuals

Answer 20

Leprosy

Question 21

True or false: you can become infected with TB simply by sharing a drink with someone who is currently infected with TB

Answer 21

F

Question 22

True or false: only directly ingesting the pre-formed Clostridium toxin (neither the bacteria nor its spores) will cause disease in adults

Answer 22

T

Question 23

True or false : Directly ingesting clostridium or its associated spores will not cause illness in adults

Answer 23

F

Question 24

A 5-month-old child is given honey at breakfast and begins showing symptoms consistent with botulism. Would the child’s illness be classified as foodborne, infant or wound botulism?

Answer 24

Infant Botulism ; the GI tract of an infant is not developed enough to handle honey which is a carrier of clostridium

Question 25

True or false: there are currently no cures for tetanus

Answer 25

T

Question 26

While visiting his grandparents, a 10-year-old child has been given green beans for dinner that were harvested from his grandparents’ garden and canned the previous year. Severe illness sets in and the child is taken to the hospital. Botulism is suspected, but what form? Explain

Answer 26

Foodborne botulism because he’s too old for it to be infant and it’s not a wound so the green beans were probably improperly canned

Question 27

True or False. Although there is no cure for tetanus, it can be prevented through vaccination.

Answer 27

T

Question 28

Why does the alpha toxin (perfringolysin) produced during an infection of gas gangrene cause cell death? (short answer)

Answer 28

The toxin perforates the membrane. It forms pores in the plasma membrane of host cells resulting in uncontrolled ion fluxes and eventually cell lysis and death

Question 29

The alpha toxin perfringolysin is associated with which medical condition caused by Gram positive anaerobic bacteria?

Answer 29

Gas gangrene

Question 30

True or false : Bubonic plague is often characterized by Gas gangrene painffully swollen lymph nodes

Answer 30

T

Question 31

Which form of the plague is the most rare? what does it target?

Answer 31

Septicemic and it targets the blood system

Question 32

indentify the following disease :
“ bulleyes rash”
( RED MARK IN MIDDLE WITH SURROUNDING RED HALO)

Answer 32

Lyme Disease

Question 33

syphillis is caused by :

Answer 33

gram negative spirochete

Question 34

True of false. Chlyamida is an obligate parasite and as such can bee grown on agar plates alone

Answer 34

F

Question 35

Match the following diseases with their respective symptoms if left untreated:

1. Gonorrhea
2. syphilis
3. chlamydia

A. Paralysis, blindness and dementia
B. Painfully swollen lymph nodes
C. Cardiac and neurological complications
D. Respiratory failure associated with lock-jaw
E. Infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease.
F. Sore throat, ocular discharge and fever

Answer 35

1.) Gonorrhea - C (cardiac and nuero complications)

2.) Chlamydia - A ( Paralysis, blindness and dementia

3.) Syphili’s - E ( Infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease)

Question 36

You developed a fever, chills, and pneumonia after recently returning from a getaway weekend where you sat in a hot tub. What disease would a doctor suspect? Would the doctor suspect you got it from another person?

Answer 36

Legionaires and no

Question 37

Which form of the plague is highly virulent? What does it target?

Answer 37

Pneumonic plague and the respiratory system

Question 38

identify the following disease (hand with black center at site of infection) (short answer)

Answer 38

Anthrax

Question 39

Gonorrhea is caused by

Answer 39

Diplococcic bacteria

Question 40

True or False: Chlamydia trachomatis can be grown on an agar plate alone

Answer 40

F

Question 41

Greater than 90% of all human streptococcal infections belong to (multiple choice)

Answer 41

Group A

Question 42

Syphilis is caused by

Answer 42

Gram negative Spirochete

Question 43

Identify the following disease:
(Black circle on left hand, thumb out)

Answer 43

anthrax

Question 44

Identify the disease based on the following (select all that apply):
It is a small, acid-fast rod usually remaining asymptomatic for up to 20 years. It affects the skin, nerves, upper respiratory tract, and eyes of infected individuals.

Scalded-skin syndrome
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Leprosy
Hansen’s disease
Tuberculosis

Answer 44

Leprosy
Hansen’s disease

B and D. Hansen’s disease is simply another name for Leprosy. Leprosy is characterized by its ability to remain dormant for up to 20 years as well as the effects observed relative to the patients skin, nerves, lungs and eyes.