Module 5 Test Flashcards by Sarah Charlebois

Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory system?

a. Nose
b. Oral cavity
c. Pharynx
d. Trachea
e. Nasal meatuses

d. Trachea

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The conducting zone does NOT act to

a. Clean air of debris
b. Conduct air into the lungs
c. Add water to air
d. Warm air
e. All of the above

e. All of the above

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The nose connects with the pharynx through the

a. Septal cartilage
b. External nares
c. Choanae
d. Uvula
e. Nasal meatuses

c. Choanae

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Which of the following is a passageway for air, food and water?

a. Pharynx
b. Larynx
c. Paranasal sinuses
d. Trachea
e. Esophagus

a. Pharynx

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The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is called

a. Palatine
b. Hypopharynx
c. Meatuses
d. Fauces
e. Vestibule

d. Fauces

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This structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea.

a. Arytenoid cartilage
b. Epiglottis
c. Nasopharynx
d. Thyroid cartilage
e. Paranasal sinus

b. Epiglottis

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During swallowing, which structure rises?

a. Pharynx
b. esophagus
c. Trachea
d. Palatine tonsils
e. Primary bronchi

a. Pharynx

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These are triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage located at the posterior and superior border of the cricoid cartilage.

a. Corniculate cartilage
b. Arytenoids cartilage
c. Cricotracheal cartilage
d. Cuneiform cartilage
e. Laryngeal cartilage

b. Arytenoids cartilage

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Pitch is controlled by

a. Vibration of the vocal chords
b. Tension of the vocal chords
c. Layers of cartilage in the vocal chords
d. Arrangement of the vocal chords
e. None of the above

b. Tension of the vocal chords

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This is located anterior to the esophagus and carries air to the bronchi.

a. Trachea
b. Larynx
c. Nasopharynx
d. Pharynx
e. None of the above

a. Trachea

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This is the primary gas exchange site.

a. Trachea
b. Bronchiole
c. Nasal sinuses
d. Alveolus e. Bronchus

d. Alveolus

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Which of the below tissues maintains open airways in the lower respiratory system?

a. stratified squamous epithelium with keratin
b. ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
c. hyaline cartilage
d. mucus membrane
e. bone

c. hyaline cartilage

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Which of the below tissues provides the functions of the inner layer of the conducting organs?

a. stratified squamous epithelium with keratin
b. ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
c. cilated cuboidal epithelium with goblet cells
d. transitional epithelium with cilia
e. columnar connective tissue with goblet cells

b. ciliated pseudostratified, columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called

a. Carina
b. Secondary bronchioles
c. Parietal pleura
d. Visceral pleura
e. Diaphragm

a. Carina

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Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus?

a. stratified squamous epithelium
b. ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
c. simple squamous epithelium
d. hyaline cartilage
e. columnar connective tissue with goblet cells

c. simple squamous

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These are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant.

a. Type I alveolar cells
b. Type II alveolar cells
c. Type III alveolar cells
d. Surface cells Macrophages

b. Type II alveolar cells

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This is direction of diffusion of gases at capillaries near systemic cells.

a. Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide into blood
b. Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide into blood
c. Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood
d. Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood

b. Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide into blood

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This is direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs.

c. Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood

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Exhalation begins when

a. Inspiratory muscles relax
b. Diaphragm contracts
c. Blood circulation is the lowest
d. Both a and b e. All of the above

a. Inspiratory muscles relax

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This means the lungs and the chest wall expand easily.

a. High surface tension
b. Low surface tension
c. High compliance
d. Low compliance
e. None of the above

c. High compliance

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The conducting airways with the air that does not undergo respiratory exchange are known as the

a. Inspiratory volume
b. Expiratory reserve volume
c. Minimal volume
d. Residual volume
e. Respiratory dead space

e. Respiratory dead space

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This is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume.

a. Total lung capacity
b. Functional residual capacity
c. Inspiratory capacity
d. Vital capacity e. Minimal volume

b. Functional residual capacity

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Which of the following is not a factor that the rate of pulmonary and systemic gas exchange depends on.

a. Partial pressure difference of the gases
b. Surface area for gas exchange
c. Diffusion distance
d. Molecular weight and solubility of the gases
e. Force of contraction of diaphragm

e. Force of contraction of diaphragm

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Which is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport?

a. Bound to hemoglobin
b. Bound to oxygen
c. Dissolved in plasma as a gas
d. Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions
e. Diffusion

d. Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions

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When blood pH drops then the amount of oxyhemoglobin _______ and oxygen delivery to the tissue cells \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a. increases, increases b. Increases, decreases c. Decreases, increases d. Decreases, decreases e. Does not change, does not change

c. Decreases, increases

Which is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen? a. pH of blood b. Partial pressure of the oxygen c. Amount of oxygen available d. Temperature e. Respiratory rate

e. Respiratory rate

Which of following processes is the function of the smooth muscle layer of the digestive system? a) Ingestion b) Secretion c) Mixing and propulsion d) Absorption e) None of the above

c. Mixing and propulsion

Which of following processes is the primary function of the mouth? a) Ingestion b) Secretion c) Mixing and propulsion d) Absorption e) None of the above

a. Ingestion

Which of following processes is the primary function of the villi of the small intestine? a) Ingestion b) Secretion c) Mixing and propulsion d) Absorption e) None of the above

d. Absorption

Which of the following accessory organs produces a fluid to soften food? a) Teeth b) Salivary glands c) Liver d) Gallbladder e) Pharynx

b. Salivary glands

Which of the following accessory organs produces a fluid that functions to emulsify dietary fats? a) Teeth b) Salivary glands c) Liver d) Gallbladder e) Pharynx

c. Liver

Which of the following accessory organs stores bile? a) Teeth b) Salivary glands c) Liver d) Gallbladder e) Pharynx

d. Gallbladder

The capability of the GI tract to move material along its length is called a) Motility b) Propulsion c) Digestion d) Absorption e) Defecation

a. Motility

This layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels. a) Mucosa b) Lamina propria c) MALT d) Musclaris e) Epithelium

b. Lamina propria

This layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscularis. a) Submucosa b) Lamina propria c) Epithelium d) Serosa e) None of the above

a. Submuccosa

This layer functions by secreting a lubricating fluid. a) Serosa b) Submucosa c) Muscularis d) Mucosa e) MALT

a. Serosa

These are composed of prominent lymphatic nodules that function in the immune response. a) Mucosa b) Lamina propria c) MALT d) Submucosa e) Serosa

c. MALT

This plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis. a) ENS b) Myenteric plexus c) Submucosal plexus d) Digestive plexus e) Absorption plexus

b. Myenteric plexus

Why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion? a) Because they stimulate the parasympathetic nerves supplying the GI tract b) Because they stimulate the somatic nerves that supply the GI tract c) Because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract d) They do not affect digestion e) Because all emotions are controlled by the Vagus nerve

c. Because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract

This portion of the peritoneum drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine. a) Greater omentum b) Falciform ligament c) Lesser omentum d) Mesentery e) Mesocolon

a. Greater omentum

This portion of the peritoneum attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm. a) Greater omentum b) Falciform ligament c) Lesser omentum d) Mesentery e) Mesocolon

b. Falciform ligament

This portion of the peritoneum is largely responsible for carrying blood and lymph vessels to the intestines. a) Greater omentum b) Falciform ligament c) Lesser omentum d) Mesentery e) Mesocolon

e. Mesocolon

The hard palate a) Is the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth b) Is formed by the maxillae and palatine bones c) Is covered by a mucous membrane d) Both a and b e) all of the above

e. All of the above

In the mouth, this runs posteriorly to the sides of the pharynx. a. Uvula b. Palatoglossal arch c. Palatopharyngeal arch d. Parotid glands e. Sublingual glands

c. Palatopharyngeal arch

In the mouth, the tooth sockets are lined with a. Gingivae b. Cementum c. Periodontal ligament d. Pulp e. Root

c. Periodontal ligament

Deciduous molars are replaced by a) Bicuspids b) Molars c) Incisors d) Canines e) Wisdom teeth

a. Bicuspids

Which of the following contains skeletal muscle? a) UES standard abbreviations? b) LES c) Serosa d) Submucosa e) Periodontal ligament

a. UES standard abbreviations?

How many stages of deglutition are there? a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5 e) 8

b. 3

This structure of the stomach allows greater distension for food storage. a) Cardia b) Fundus c) Pylorus d) Rugae e) Sphincter

d. Rugae

Which of the following secrete gastric acid? a) Mucous cells b) Parietal cells c) Chief cells d) Serosa cells e) Chyme cells

b. Parietal cells

This cell secretes the hormone that promotes production of gastric acid. a) Neck cell b) Chief cell c) G cell d) Chyme cell e) Parietal cell

c. G cell

How long can food stay in the fundus before being mixed with gastric juices? a) 10 minutes b) 20 minutes c) 30 minutes d) 45 minutes e) 1 hour

e. 1 hour

This major duct carries a fluid rich in bicarbonate ions. a) Pancreatic duct b) Hepatopancreatic duct c) Cystic duct d) Bile duct e) Hepatic duct

a. Pancreatic duct

Which of the following gastric enzymes digests proteins? a) Trypsin b) Elastase c) Lipase d) Pepsin e) All of the above

d. Pepsin

This is the heaviest gland of the body. a) Heart b) Liver c) Pancreas d) Large intestine e) Thyroid

b. Liver

This is found on the liver and is a remnant of the umbilical cord in a fetus. a) Coronary ligament b) Falciform ligament c) Round ligament d) Kupffer ligament e) Bile ductules

c. Round ligament

This is the principle bile pigment. a) Stercobilin b) Bilirubin c) Biliverdin d) Both a and b e) All of the above

b. Bilirubin

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? a) Conversion of carbohydrates b) Protein metabolism c) Storage of bilirubin d) Phagocytosis e) Storage of vitamins

c. Storage of bilirubin

Which of the following small intestine cells secrete lysozyme? a) Goblet cells b) Absorptive cells c) Mucosa cells d) Paneth cells e) S cells

d. Paneth cells

Brunners glands a) Secrete mucous b) Secrete an acidic juice c) Secrete an alkaline juice d) Secrete mucous and acidic juice e) Both mucous and an alkaline juice

e. Both mucous and an alkaline juice

Which of the following enzymes acts to produce monoglycerides as products? a) Lipase b) Amylase c) Trypsin d) Phosphatase e) Ligase

a. Lipase

Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts to produce monosaccarides? a) Chymotrypsin b) Amylase c) Trypsin d) Phosphatase e) Nucleosidase

b. Amylase

Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts to produce smaller peptides from proteins? a) Chymotrypsin b) Amylase c) Pepsin d) Phosphatase e) Nucleosidase

a. Chymotrypsin

This hormone functions to counteract the effect of gastric acid in the small intestine. a) Pepsin b) Secretin c) Gastrin d) Cholecystokinin e) Amylase

b. Secretin

This hormone is stimulated by high levels of dietary fat in the small intestine. a) Pepsin b) Secretin c) Gastrin d) Cholecystokinin e) Amylase

d. Cholecystokinin

This digestive aid, produced by the stomach, begins digestion by denaturing proteins. a) Bicarbonate ion b) mucus c) Bile d) Hydrochloric acid e) Water

d. Hydrochloric

This structure regulates the flow of material into the colon. a) Ileocecal sphincter b) Pyloric sphincter c) Appendix d) Sigmoid colon e) Anal canal

a. Ileocecal sphincter

Which of the following does is the primary function of the large intestine? a) Mechanical digestion b) Chemical digestion c) Absorption d) Feces formation e) Regulation of blood glucose

d. Feces formation

Where are the nasal conchae? a. A b. C c. T d. U e. V

b) C

This portion of the pharynx has five openings in its wall. a. C b. E c. N d. P e. T

e) T

Which tonsils are found in the oropharynx? a. V b. R c. S d. Q e. U

b) R

What is also referred to as the Adam’s Apple? a. G b. H c. I d. J e. K

d) J

Where is the larynx? a. I b. M c. L d. N e. O

a) I

This is a ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx. a. J b. K c. G d. H e. O

b) K

Where is the uvula? a. E b. F c. Q d. S e. U

d) S

Where are the palatine tonsils? a. E b. F c. R d. U e. None of the above

c) R

Where is the soft palate? a. C b. E c. G d. Q e. S

b) E

Where is the epiglottis? a. O b. R c. S d. F e. Q

a) O

Where are the olfactory receptors found? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. U

b) B

Where is the middle nasal concha? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

b. B

Where is the inferior nasal concha? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

c. C

What is E pointing to? a. Soft palate b. Ethmoid bone c. Hard palate d. Nasal septum e. Air cells

d. Nasal septum

What is line D pointing to? a. Thyrohyoid membrane b. Corniculate cartilage c. Cricothyroid ligament d. Cricoid cartilage e. Tracheal cartilage

b. Corniculate cartilage

Where is the cricoid cartilage? a. D b. E c. F d. G e. H

e. H

Where is the tracheal cartilage? a. J b. I c. H d. G e. F

a. J

What is line A pointing to? a. Hyoid bone b. Trachea c. Adams Apple d. Thyroid e. Epiglottis

e. Epiglottis

Where is the structure that regulates air flow to the alveolus? a. G b. M c. H d. A e. None of the above

b. M

What is line J pointing to? a. Right secondary bronchus b. Left secondary bronchus c. Right primary bronchus d. Left primary bronchus e. Carina

d. Left primary bronchus

Where is the right bronchiole? a. F b. G c. H d. L e. M

b. G

What lines are pointing to tertiary bronchi? a. E and K b. D and J c. F and L d. H and M e. A and B

c. F and L

What is line B pointing to? a. Carina b. Visceral pleura c. Parietal pleura d. Pleural cavity e. Diaphragm

c. Parietal pleura

In this portion of the lungs, the epithelial lining is simple squamous. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

e. E

This is the primary gas exchange structure. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

e. E

What is line C pointing to? a. Terminal bronchiole b. Respiratory bronchiole c. Alveolar ducts d. Alveolar sac e. Alveoli

c. Alveolar ducts

Where is the terminal bronchiole? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

a. A

This provides disease resistance within the lungs. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. None of the above

d. D

Which cells are the main sites of gas exchange? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. All of the above

c. C

Which cell secretes surfactant? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. None of the above

a. A

What is line A pointing to? a) Lumen b) MALT c) Mucosa d) Submucosa e) Muscularis

b. MALT

What layer is composed of areolar connective tissue and epithelium? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

e. E

Which layer contains the lamina propria? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

b. B

This consists of calcified connective tissue. a) A b) B c) E d) F e) G

b. B

What is line F pointing to? a) Pulp cavity b) Cementum c) Root canal d) Alveolar bone e) Gingival sulcus

b. Cementum

This has an opening called the apical foramen. a) A b) F c) G d) H e) I

c. G

This is the portion of the stomach that connects to the duodenum. a) A b) E c) B d) C e) J

b. E

What does line G point to? a) Pylorus b) Pyloric sphincter c) Ruggae d) Pyloric canal e) Greater curvature

d. Pyloric canal

This is the area where pyloric stenosis occurs. a) E b) F c) G d) B e) I

b. F

What is line I pointing to? a) Greater curvature b) Lesser curvature c) Body d) Fundus e) Cardia

a. Greater curvature

Which of the following cells secrete mucus? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

b. B

Which of the following cells secretes intrinsic factor? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

c. C

Which of the following cells secretes gastrin? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

e. E

Which of the following cells secretes pepsinogen? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

d. D

Which is not a major function of the kidney? a) regulation of blood ionic composition b) regulation of blood cell size c) regulation of blood volume d) regulation of blood pressure e) regulation of blood pH

b. regulation of blood cell size

This is the formation of a new glucose molecule. a) glycolysis b) gluconeogenesis c) glucosamine d) glucose e) calcitriol

b. gluconeogenesis

Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys? a) urea b) glucose c) insulin d) cholesterol e) carbon dioxide

a. urea

This is smooth dense irregular connective tissue that is continuous with the outer coat of the ureter. a) adipose capsule b) renal capsule c) renal hilus d) renal cortex e) renal medulla

b. renal capsule

The portion of the kidney that extends between the renal pyramids is called the a) renal columns b) renal medulla c) renal pelvis d) calyces e) renal papilla

a. renal columns

Which is the correct order of blood flow? a) renal artery-segmental artery-interlobular artery-peritubular capillariesafferent arterioles b) interlobular arteries-arcuate arteries-glomerular capillaries-arcuate veins c) arcuate veins-arcuate arteries- glomerular capillaries- renal vein d) renal vein-segmental arteries-interlobar arteries- efferent arterioles e) interlobar veins- afferent arterioles- efferent arterioles- glomerular capillaries

b) interlobular arteries-arcuate arteries-glomerular capillaries-arcuate veins

Which is the correct order of filtrate flow? a) glomerular capsule, Proximal Convoluted tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, Distal Convoluted tubule (DCT), Collecting duct b) Loop of Henle, glomerular capsule, PCT, DCT, Collecting duct c) Ascending limb of Loop, PCT, DCT, Collecting duct d) Collecting duct, DCT, PCT, Collecting duct, glomerular capsule e) PCT, glomerular capsule, DCT, Collecting duct, Loop of Henle

a) glomerular capsule, Prosimal Convoluted tubule (PCT), Loop of Henle, Distal Convuluted tubule (DCT), Collecting duct

Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the most substances? a) glomerular capsule b) Loop of Henle c) Ascending limb d) Collecting duct e) Proximal convoluted tubule

e. Proximal convoluted tubule

This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood. a) glomerular capsule b) Loop of Henle c) Ascending limb d) Collecting duct e) Renal corpuscle

a. glomerular capsule

This term means entry of substances into the body from the filtrate. a) reabsorption b) filtration c) secretion d) excretion e) none of the above

a. reabsorption

This is a nephron process that results in a substance in blood entering the already formed filtrate. a) reabsorption b) filtration c) secretion d) excretion e) none of the above

c. secretion

This layer of filtration membrane is composed of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in a glycoprotein matrix. a) glomerular endothelial cells b) basal lamina c) pedicels d) filtration slites e) slit membrane

b. basal lamina

This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles. a) glomerular filtration rate b) tubulomerular feedback c) myogenic mechanism d) renal autoregulation e) capsular hydrostatic pressure

c. myogenic mechanism

This is when a substance passes from the fluid in the tubular lumen through the apical membrane then across the cytosol into the interstitial fluid. a) paracellular reabsoprtion b) transcellular reabsoprtion c) apical reasborption d) basolateral reabsorption e) active transport

b. transcellular reabsorption

Once fluid enters the proximal convoluted tubule a) it is less dense b) it has a higher K+ concentration c) it is called tubular fluid d) all the Na+ is removed e) it is headed to the ascending loop

c. it is called tubular fluid

The proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb what percentage of filtered water? a) 25% b) 50% c) 65% d) 80% e) 99%

c. 65%

Which of the following is a way angiotensin II affects the kidneys? a) It increases GFR b) It can decrease GFR c) It enhances reabsorption of certain ions d) It stimulates the release of aldosterone e) None of the above

a. It increases GFR

Urea recycling can cause a build up of urea in the a) Renal capsule b) Loop of Henle c) Ascending tubule d) Renal medulla e) Renal pelvis

d. Renal medulla

Increased secretion of Hydrogen ions would result in a ______________ of blood \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? a) increase, pressure b) decrease, volume c) increase, sodium levels d) decrease, pH e) increase, urea

d. decrease, pH

Increased secretion of Aldosterone would result in a ______________ of blood \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? a) increase, potassium b) decrease, volume c) increase, calcium levels d) decrease, pH e) increase, sodium

e. increase, sodium

The ascending loop of Henle is impermeable to a) urea b) water c) albumin d) sodium e) chloride

b. water

An analysis of the physical, chemical and microscopic properties of urine is called a) Urinalysis b) Filtration study c) Concentration study d) Diuretic e) Osmolarity

a. Urinalysis

Water accounts for what percentage of the total volume of urine? a) 25% b) 50% c) 75% d) 80% e) 95%

e. 95%

This is a test to measure kidney function. a) Plasma creatinine b) Renal study c) Kidney assay d) Renal clearance e) Hilus study

a. Plasma creatinine

This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder. a) Urethra b) Ureter c) Descending loop of Henle d) Renal hilus e) None of the above

b. Ureter

This layer of the ureter is composed of connective tissue, elastic and collagen fibers. a) Mucosa b) Transitional epithelium c) Lamina propria d) Adventitia e) Lamina elastica

c. Lamiina propria

This lies in the anterior cornea of the trigone of the bladder. a) Urethral sphincter b) Adventitia bundle c) Ureter d) Internal urethral orifice e) Muscularis bundle

d. Internal urethral orifice

This is composed of dense irregular tissue that runs continuous with the ureter. a) A b) B c) C

a) A

This layers main function is to protect the kidney from trauma and hold it in place within the abdominal cavity. a) A b) B c) C

b) B

This layer runs deep to the peritoneum on the anterior surface of the kidneys. a) A b) B c) C

c) C

This can be divided into the cortical zone and the juxtamedullary zone. a) C b) D c) E d) F e) G

d) F

Where is the parenchyma? a) B b) M c) C d) D e) F

c) C

Each kidney can have anywhere from 8 to 18 of these. a) I b) J c) K d) L e) H

c) K

This is where the hilum extends into the kidney. a) E b) D c) G d) K e) L

a) E

The response of the body to decreasing blood pressure will NOT cause which of the following? a) Dehydration b) Formation of angiotensin II c) Stimulate the kidneys to secrete rennin d) Formation of ADH e) Increased vasoconstriction

e) Increased vasoconstriction