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Biology > Module #5 Review Questions > Flashcards

Module #5 Review Questions Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the basic building blocks of matter?

A

Atoms

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2
Q

What two things form the nucleus at the center of the atom?

A

Protons and neutrons

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3
Q

What orbit the nucleus of an atom?

A

Electrons

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4
Q

What determines the majority of an atom’s properties?

A

The number of electrons

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5
Q

What is a collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons?

A

Element

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6
Q

A carbon atom has six protons and eight neutrons. What is the complete name of this atom is what?

A

Carbon-14

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7
Q

How many electrons does Carbon-14 have?

A

6

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8
Q

What is the abbreviation for the element carbon?

A

C

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9
Q

(H) is the abbreviation for what element?

A

Hydrogen

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10
Q

What is the abbreviation for the element oxygen?

A

O

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11
Q

(N) is the abbreviation for what element?

A

Nitrogen

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12
Q

What is the abbreviation for the element phosphorus?

A

P

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13
Q

(S) is the abbreviation for what element?

A

Sulphur

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14
Q

“Sulfur-32” is the name of a specific what?

A

Atom

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15
Q

“Sulfur” is the name of what?

A

An element

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16
Q

What is formed when atoms link together?

A

Molecules

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17
Q

A molecule of ethyl alcohol, C2H6O, has how many carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms, and how many oxygen atom?

A

2 carbon atoms
6 hydrogen atoms
1 oxygen atom

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18
Q

What two elements are contained in both CO and CO2 ?

A

Carbon and oxygen

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19
Q

CO and CO2 are different what?

A

Molecules

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20
Q

When sucrose is dissolved in water, what kind of change has taken place?

A

Physical

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21
Q

When sucrose reacts with water with the help of an enzyme to make glucose and fructose, what kind of change has occurred?

A

Chemical

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22
Q

What kind of change is reversible?

A

Physical change

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23
Q

What kind of change is not reversible?

A

Chemical

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24
Q

All matter can exist in one of three phases? Name them.

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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25
Q

Adding energy turns a solid into what?

A

Liquid

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26
Q

Adding energy turns a liquid into what?

A

Gas

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27
Q

Taking away energy turns a Liquid into what?

A

A solid

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28
Q

Taking away energy turns a gas into what?

A

A liquid

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29
Q

When salt is dissolved in water, what is the solute?

A

Salt

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30
Q

When salt is dissolved in water, what is the solvent?

A

Water

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31
Q

When salt is dissolved in water, what is the solution?

A

Salt water

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32
Q

When a solute travels across a membrane in order to even out concentration, what has occurred?

A

Diffusion

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33
Q

When a semipermeable membrane separates two solutions what happens?

A

Osmosis

34
Q

A cell sits in a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than that found in the cell. What will happen to the water in the cell?

A

The water will travel out of the cell and into the solution.

35
Q

In the balanced chemical equation:
C18H32O16 + 2H20 à 3C6H12O6

How many molecules of C18H32O16 are there?

A

One

36
Q

In the balanced chemical equation:
C18H32O16 + 2H20 à 3C6H12O6

How many molecules of H20 are there?

A

Two

37
Q

In the balanced chemical equation:
C18H32O16 + 2H20 à 3C6H12O6

How many molecules of C6H12O6 are there?

A

Three

38
Q

Photosynthesis requires 4 things. Name them.

A
  1. Carbon dioxide
  2. Water
  3. Energy from light
  4. Chlorophyll
39
Q

Photosynthesis produces what?

A

Glucose and oxygen

40
Q

What is the chemical equation for Photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O à C6H12O6 + 6O2

41
Q

Is the molecule NaNO3 organic?

A

No

42
Q

Is the molecule C6H15N organic?

A

Yes

43
Q

Is the molecule C6H15N organic?

A

Yes

44
Q

Is the molecule KSCN, organic?

A

No

45
Q

What is the chemical formula for both Glucose and fructose?

A

C6H12O6

46
Q

Because Glucose and fructose have the same chemical formula they are what?

A

Isomers

47
Q

How are Glucose and fructose different from one another?

A

The Structural formulas are different

48
Q

A molecule can have more than one of what type of formula?

A

Structural

49
Q

Glucose and fructose have two kinds of structures. Name them.

A
  1. Ring

2. Chain

50
Q

A simple sugar is called a what?

A

Monosaccharide

51
Q

Two simple sugars can join to make a what?

A

Disaccharide

52
Q

If three or more simple sugars join, they form what?

A

Polysaccharide

53
Q

Through what kind of reactions are simple sugars join together?

A

Dehydration

54
Q

In what form do people and animals store excess sugars?

A

Polysaccharide

55
Q

The excess sugars that people and animals store are known as what?

A

Glycogen

56
Q

When people or animals need the stored simple sugars, they break down the polysaccharide molecule into what?

A

Monosaccharide

57
Q

What reactions allow people to break down polysaccharide molecules into monosaccharide molecules?

A

Hydrolysis

58
Q

The pH scale runs from what number to what number.

A

1-14

59
Q

On a pH scale, what is neutral?

A

7

60
Q

A pH lower than what indicates what an acidic solution?

A

7

61
Q

A pH greater than 7 indicates what kind of solution?

A

Alkaline

62
Q

What molecules are joined together to form Lipids in a dehydration reactions?

A

3 Fatty acid molecules and 1 glycerol molecule

63
Q

Why are Lipids not attracted to water?

A

They are hydrophobic

64
Q

If the fatty acid that make up the lipid have no double bonds between the carbon atoms, it is what kind of fat?

A

Saturated fat

65
Q

Saturated fat is in what state at room temperature?

A

Solid

66
Q

If there are double bonds between the carbon atoms, it is an what kind of fat and is generally what at room temperature.

A

Unsaturated fat

67
Q

Unsaturated fat is in what state at room temperature?

A

Liquid

68
Q

What are joined together to form Proteins a in dehydration reactions?

A

Amino acid

69
Q

What is the bond that forms between amino acids in a protein called?

A

Peptide bond

70
Q

What make up a special class of proteins?

A

Enzymes

71
Q

What do Enzymes serve as for many biologically-important chemical reactions?

A

A catalyst

72
Q

According to what do enzymes typically work in which an active site complements the shape of a reactant.

A

Lock and key theory of enzyme action

73
Q

Because many of the emzymes’ molecules break down soon after they are formed, they are know to be what?

A

Fragile

74
Q

DNA is a double chain of chemical units known as what that twist around one another in a double helix?

A

Nucleotides

75
Q

The units that make up the DNA chains are composed of what three basic constituents? Name them.

A
  1. Deoxyribose
  2. Phosphate group
  3. Nucleotide base
76
Q

The double helix is held together by what?

A

Hydrogen bonds

77
Q

What does hydrogen bond link together?

A

Nucleotide base

78
Q

In DNA, what can link only to Adenine (and vice-versa)?

A

Thymine

79
Q

In DNA what can link only to Cytosine (and vice-versa)?

A

Guanine

80
Q

Identify the following as a monosaccharide, fat, or acid.

   H          H      H   H      O                                 
   /           /      /    /      //                                 H—C – O – C – C – C – C – OH I                 /     /     /      / I                H   H    H     H I       I                  H     H     H   O I                  /      /      /    // H ---C–O – C –  C  —C—C – OH  I               /      /      /      /  I              H     H     H    H  I  I                    H      H      H    O  I                    /       /        /    // H --- C–O—C—C ---- C---C—OH  
    /          /         /     /     /
    H         H       H    H    H
A

answer: fat it has three fatty acid molecules linked to a glycerol.

81
Q

Identify the following as a monosaccharide, fat, or acid.

    H    H    H     O
    /     /      /     //                                   H—C—C—C – C—H                         
   //     /      /      /                                
 O  OH  OH    H
A

monosaccharide: It has twice as many H’s as O’s which make it a carbohydrate. It is smallsimple, molecule, and simple carbohydrates are monosaccharides.

82
Q

Identify the following as a monosaccharide, fat, or acid.

        H    H   O
        /    /    //
H—C—C—C—OH                            
      /    /     /                                        
    H    H    H
A

acid: It has an acid group and does not have the configuration of a fat.

Biology (24 decks)

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