Module #5 Review Questions Flashcards
What are the basic building blocks of matter?
Atoms
What two things form the nucleus at the center of the atom?
Protons and neutrons
What orbit the nucleus of an atom?
Electrons
What determines the majority of an atom’s properties?
The number of electrons
What is a collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons?
Element
A carbon atom has six protons and eight neutrons. What is the complete name of this atom is what?
Carbon-14
How many electrons does Carbon-14 have?
6
What is the abbreviation for the element carbon?
C
(H) is the abbreviation for what element?
Hydrogen
What is the abbreviation for the element oxygen?
O
(N) is the abbreviation for what element?
Nitrogen
What is the abbreviation for the element phosphorus?
P
(S) is the abbreviation for what element?
Sulphur
“Sulfur-32” is the name of a specific what?
Atom
“Sulfur” is the name of what?
An element
What is formed when atoms link together?
Molecules
A molecule of ethyl alcohol, C2H6O, has how many carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms, and how many oxygen atom?
2 carbon atoms
6 hydrogen atoms
1 oxygen atom
What two elements are contained in both CO and CO2 ?
Carbon and oxygen
CO and CO2 are different what?
Molecules
When sucrose is dissolved in water, what kind of change has taken place?
Physical
When sucrose reacts with water with the help of an enzyme to make glucose and fructose, what kind of change has occurred?
Chemical
What kind of change is reversible?
Physical change
What kind of change is not reversible?
Chemical
All matter can exist in one of three phases? Name them.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Adding energy turns a solid into what?
Liquid
Adding energy turns a liquid into what?
Gas
Taking away energy turns a Liquid into what?
A solid
Taking away energy turns a gas into what?
A liquid
When salt is dissolved in water, what is the solute?
Salt
When salt is dissolved in water, what is the solvent?
Water
When salt is dissolved in water, what is the solution?
Salt water
When a solute travels across a membrane in order to even out concentration, what has occurred?
Diffusion
When a semipermeable membrane separates two solutions what happens?
Osmosis
A cell sits in a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes than that found in the cell. What will happen to the water in the cell?
The water will travel out of the cell and into the solution.
In the balanced chemical equation:
C18H32O16 + 2H20 à 3C6H12O6
How many molecules of C18H32O16 are there?
One
In the balanced chemical equation:
C18H32O16 + 2H20 à 3C6H12O6
How many molecules of H20 are there?
Two
In the balanced chemical equation:
C18H32O16 + 2H20 à 3C6H12O6
How many molecules of C6H12O6 are there?
Three
Photosynthesis requires 4 things. Name them.
- Carbon dioxide
- Water
- Energy from light
- Chlorophyll
Photosynthesis produces what?
Glucose and oxygen
What is the chemical equation for Photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O à C6H12O6 + 6O2
Is the molecule NaNO3 organic?
No
Is the molecule C6H15N organic?
Yes
Is the molecule C6H15N organic?
Yes
Is the molecule KSCN, organic?
No
What is the chemical formula for both Glucose and fructose?
C6H12O6
Because Glucose and fructose have the same chemical formula they are what?
Isomers
How are Glucose and fructose different from one another?
The Structural formulas are different
A molecule can have more than one of what type of formula?
Structural
Glucose and fructose have two kinds of structures. Name them.
- Ring
2. Chain
A simple sugar is called a what?
Monosaccharide
Two simple sugars can join to make a what?
Disaccharide
If three or more simple sugars join, they form what?
Polysaccharide
Through what kind of reactions are simple sugars join together?
Dehydration
In what form do people and animals store excess sugars?
Polysaccharide
The excess sugars that people and animals store are known as what?
Glycogen
When people or animals need the stored simple sugars, they break down the polysaccharide molecule into what?
Monosaccharide
What reactions allow people to break down polysaccharide molecules into monosaccharide molecules?
Hydrolysis
The pH scale runs from what number to what number.
1-14
On a pH scale, what is neutral?
7
A pH lower than what indicates what an acidic solution?
7
A pH greater than 7 indicates what kind of solution?
Alkaline
What molecules are joined together to form Lipids in a dehydration reactions?
3 Fatty acid molecules and 1 glycerol molecule
Why are Lipids not attracted to water?
They are hydrophobic
If the fatty acid that make up the lipid have no double bonds between the carbon atoms, it is what kind of fat?
Saturated fat
Saturated fat is in what state at room temperature?
Solid
If there are double bonds between the carbon atoms, it is an what kind of fat and is generally what at room temperature.
Unsaturated fat
Unsaturated fat is in what state at room temperature?
Liquid
What are joined together to form Proteins a in dehydration reactions?
Amino acid
What is the bond that forms between amino acids in a protein called?
Peptide bond
What make up a special class of proteins?
Enzymes
What do Enzymes serve as for many biologically-important chemical reactions?
A catalyst
According to what do enzymes typically work in which an active site complements the shape of a reactant.
Lock and key theory of enzyme action
Because many of the emzymes’ molecules break down soon after they are formed, they are know to be what?
Fragile
DNA is a double chain of chemical units known as what that twist around one another in a double helix?
Nucleotides
The units that make up the DNA chains are composed of what three basic constituents? Name them.
- Deoxyribose
- Phosphate group
- Nucleotide base
The double helix is held together by what?
Hydrogen bonds
What does hydrogen bond link together?
Nucleotide base
In DNA, what can link only to Adenine (and vice-versa)?
Thymine
In DNA what can link only to Cytosine (and vice-versa)?
Guanine
Identify the following as a monosaccharide, fat, or acid.
H H H H O
/ / / / // H—C – O – C – C – C – C – OH I / / / / I H H H H I I H H H O I / / / // H ---C–O – C – C —C—C – OH I / / / / I H H H H I I H H H O I / / / // H --- C–O—C—C ---- C---C—OH
/ / / / /
H H H H H
answer: fat it has three fatty acid molecules linked to a glycerol.
Identify the following as a monosaccharide, fat, or acid.
H H H O
/ / / // H—C—C—C – C—H
// / / /
O OH OH H
monosaccharide: It has twice as many H’s as O’s which make it a carbohydrate. It is smallsimple, molecule, and simple carbohydrates are monosaccharides.
Identify the following as a monosaccharide, fat, or acid.
H H O
/ / //
H—C—C—C—OH
/ / /
H H H
acid: It has an acid group and does not have the configuration of a fat.
