Module #13 Vocabulary

Question 1

Vertebrae

Answer 1

Segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone

Question 2

Notochord

Answer 2

A rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature’s body, providing the majority of its support

Question 3

Endoskeleton

Answer 3

A skeleton on the inside of a creature’s body, typically composed of bone or cartilage

Question 4

Bone marrow

Answer 4

A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells

Question 5

Axial skeleton

Answer 5

The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk

Question 6

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 6

The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it

Question 7

Closed circulatory system

Answer 7

A circulatory system in which the oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels

Question 8

Arteries

Answer 8

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Question 9

Capillaries

Answer 9

Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body

Question 10

Veins

Answer 10

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Question 11

Olfactory lobes

Answer 11

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose

Question 12

Cerebrum

Answer 12

The lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature’s response to that information

Question 13

Optic lobes

Answer 13

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes

Question 14

Cerebellum

Answer 14

The lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement

Question 15

Medulla oblongata

Answer 15

The lobes that coordinate vital functions, such as those of the circulatory and respiratory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal chord

Question 16

Internal fertilization

Answer 16

The process by which the male places sperm inside the female’s body, where the eggs are fertilized

Question 17

External fertilization

Answer 17

The process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female

Question 18

Oviparous development

Answer 18

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female’s body

Question 19

Ovoviviparous development

Answer 19

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female’s body

Question 20

Viviparous development

Answer 20

Development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta

Question 21

Anadromous

Answer 21

A life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce

Question 22

Bile

Answer 22

A mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat

Question 23

Atrium

Answer 23

A heart chamber that receives blood

Question 24

Ventricle

Answer 24

A heart chamber from which blood in pumped out

Question 25

Ectothermic

Answer 25

Lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat

Question 26

Hibernation

Answer 26

A state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures