Module #2 Review Questions Flashcards
The term ___ is often used as a general term that applies to all members of kingdom Monera.
Bacteria
Some bacteria cause disease, this kind of bacteria are called what?
Pathogen
Some bacteria have what that surrounds the cell wall?
A capsule
Why is the capsule that surrounds the cell wall is composed of an organized layer of sticky sugars?
It helps the bacteria adhere to the surface.
What is the purpose of the capsule that surrounds the cell wall?
It is a protective layer that tends to deter infection-fighting agents.
Most bacteria have what that holds the contents of the bacterium together, regulates the amount of water that a bacterium can absorb, and holds the cell into one of three shapes?
A cell wall
Bacterium cells have one of three shapes, name all three.
- Spherical
- Rod-shaped
- Helical
The absence or presence of and its composition (if it exists) are used to classify bacteria.
A cell wall
The absence or presence of a cell wall and its composition (if it exists) are used to what?
Classify bacteria
What is there underneath the cell wall (if it exists), which regulates what the bacterium takes in from the outside world.
Plasma membrane
What exists throughout the interior of a cell, supporting the DNA and the ribosomes?
Cytoplasm
What are the fibrous bristles that many bacteria use for grasping called?
Fimbriae
or Sex pili when used in reproduction
With what do bacteria accomplished locomotion?
A flagellum
Ribosomes make special chemicals known as what?
Proteins
In terms of what they eat, most bacteria are what?
Decomposers
Because bacteria are a decomposer, they are called what?
Saprophytes
Some bacteria which feed on a living host are called what?
Parasites
One way Autotrophic bacteria manufacture their own food is by using the energy of the sun to make food this is called what?
Photosynthesis
One way Autotrophic bacteria manufacture their own food is by promoting chemical reactions that release energy which is called what?
Chemosynthesis
Some bacteria need oxygen in order to survive they are called what?
Aerobic organisms
Some bacteria do not need oxygen to survive, they are called what?
Anaerobic organisms
What bacteria either decompose dead organisms or covert useless chemicals into chemicals that can be used by other life forms?
Anaerobic
Asexual reproduction in bacteria is often called what?
Binary fission
Typically, a population of bacteria starts off with what kind of growth?
Exponential growth
Typically, a population of bacteria starts off with exponential growth until it reaches what state where the bacteria die as quickly as new ones are made?
A steady
When population growth of bacteria is controlled by resources, we call it what?
Logistic growth
If resources of a logistic growth begin to run out, the population will what?
Die
When bacteria exchange genetic information, we call it what?
Genetic recombination
Genetic recombination can occur in one of three ways. Name all three.
- Conjugation
- Transformation
- Transduction
Bacteria link together to exchange plasmid in what process?
Conjugation
Small circular strands of DNA are called what?
Plasmid
In what process can a bacterium absorb a segment of DNA from a not-functional donor cell?
Transformation
In transduction, bacterium can absorb what from a not-functional donor cell?
Segments of DNA
In transduction, bacterium can absorb segments of DNA from what kind of donor cell?
Non-functioning
In what process can DNA be transferred from on bacterium to another by a virus?
Transduction
What do bacteria form in order to survive harsh conditions?
Endospores
What is really just a simple association of individual bacteria?
A colony
What shape do Bacteria in a streptococcus colony have?
A spherical shape
What shape do bacteria in a diplobacillus colony?
A rod-shape
After what additive do certain bacteria look blue when viewed under a microscope whereas others looked red.
Gram stain
What bacteria belong in phylum Gracilicutes?
Gram-negative
What bacteria belong in phylum Firmicutes?
Gram-positive
Bacteria with cell walls significantly different from Gram-negative and Gram-positive are found in what phylum?
Mendosicutes
Bacteria with no cell walls belong in what phylum?
Tenericutes
In Phylum Gracilicutes, which class has non-photosynthetic bacteria?
Scotobacteria
In Phylum Gracilicutes, which class has photosynthethic bacteria that do not produce oxygen?
Anoxyphotobacteria
In Phylum Firmicutes which class has cocci and bacilli bacteria?
Firmibacteria
In Phylum Firmicutes which class has bacteria that are not cocci and bacilli?
Thallobacteria
What class is found in Phylum Tenericutes?
Mollicutes
What class is found in Phylum Mendosicutes?
Archaebacteria
Many places that are uninhabitable to other organisms will be populated with members of what class
Archaebacteria
Photosynthetic organisms called blue-green algae are more properly called what?
Cyanobacteria
Clostridium botulinum can cause what?
Botulism
Undercooked eggs and poultry can give you what?
Food poisoning
What are the forms of Escherichia coli bacteria?
pathogenic forms and non-pathogenic forms
For optimum growth, most bacteria need what 5 things?
- Moisture
- Moderate temperatures
- Nutrition
- Darkness
- Proper amount of oxygen
