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Biology > Module #2 Review Questions > Flashcards

Module #2 Review Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

The term ___ is often used as a general term that applies to all members of kingdom Monera.

A

Bacteria

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2
Q

Some bacteria cause disease, this kind of bacteria are called what?

A

Pathogen

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3
Q

Some bacteria have what that surrounds the cell wall?

A

A capsule

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4
Q

Why is the capsule that surrounds the cell wall is composed of an organized layer of sticky sugars?

A

It helps the bacteria adhere to the surface.

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the capsule that surrounds the cell wall?

A

It is a protective layer that tends to deter infection-fighting agents.

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6
Q

Most bacteria have what that holds the contents of the bacterium together, regulates the amount of water that a bacterium can absorb, and holds the cell into one of three shapes?

A

A cell wall

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7
Q

Bacterium cells have one of three shapes, name all three.

A
  1. Spherical
  2. Rod-shaped
  3. Helical
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8
Q

The absence or presence of and its composition (if it exists) are used to classify bacteria.

A

A cell wall

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9
Q

The absence or presence of a cell wall and its composition (if it exists) are used to what?

A

Classify bacteria

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10
Q

What is there underneath the cell wall (if it exists), which regulates what the bacterium takes in from the outside world.

A

Plasma membrane

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11
Q

What exists throughout the interior of a cell, supporting the DNA and the ribosomes?

A

Cytoplasm

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12
Q

What are the fibrous bristles that many bacteria use for grasping called?

A

Fimbriae

or Sex pili when used in reproduction

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13
Q

With what do bacteria accomplished locomotion?

A

A flagellum

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14
Q

Ribosomes make special chemicals known as what?

A

Proteins

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15
Q

In terms of what they eat, most bacteria are what?

A

Decomposers

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16
Q

Because bacteria are a decomposer, they are called what?

A

Saprophytes

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17
Q

Some bacteria which feed on a living host are called what?

A

Parasites

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18
Q

One way Autotrophic bacteria manufacture their own food is by using the energy of the sun to make food this is called what?

A

Photosynthesis

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19
Q

One way Autotrophic bacteria manufacture their own food is by promoting chemical reactions that release energy which is called what?

A

Chemosynthesis

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20
Q

Some bacteria need oxygen in order to survive they are called what?

A

Aerobic organisms

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21
Q

Some bacteria do not need oxygen to survive, they are called what?

A

Anaerobic organisms

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22
Q

What bacteria either decompose dead organisms or covert useless chemicals into chemicals that can be used by other life forms?

A

Anaerobic

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23
Q

Asexual reproduction in bacteria is often called what?

A

Binary fission

24
Q

Typically, a population of bacteria starts off with what kind of growth?

A

Exponential growth

25
Q

Typically, a population of bacteria starts off with exponential growth until it reaches what state where the bacteria die as quickly as new ones are made?

A

A steady

26
Q

When population growth of bacteria is controlled by resources, we call it what?

A

Logistic growth

27
Q

If resources of a logistic growth begin to run out, the population will what?

A

Die

28
Q

When bacteria exchange genetic information, we call it what?

A

Genetic recombination

29
Q

Genetic recombination can occur in one of three ways. Name all three.

A
  1. Conjugation
  2. Transformation
  3. Transduction
30
Q

Bacteria link together to exchange plasmid in what process?

A

Conjugation

31
Q

Small circular strands of DNA are called what?

A

Plasmid

32
Q

In what process can a bacterium absorb a segment of DNA from a not-functional donor cell?

A

Transformation

33
Q

In transduction, bacterium can absorb what from a not-functional donor cell?

A

Segments of DNA

34
Q

In transduction, bacterium can absorb segments of DNA from what kind of donor cell?

A

Non-functioning

35
Q

In what process can DNA be transferred from on bacterium to another by a virus?

A

Transduction

36
Q

What do bacteria form in order to survive harsh conditions?

A

Endospores

37
Q

What is really just a simple association of individual bacteria?

A

A colony

38
Q

What shape do Bacteria in a streptococcus colony have?

A

A spherical shape

39
Q

What shape do bacteria in a diplobacillus colony?

A

A rod-shape

40
Q

After what additive do certain bacteria look blue when viewed under a microscope whereas others looked red.

A

Gram stain

41
Q

What bacteria belong in phylum Gracilicutes?

A

Gram-negative

42
Q

What bacteria belong in phylum Firmicutes?

A

Gram-positive

43
Q

Bacteria with cell walls significantly different from Gram-negative and Gram-positive are found in what phylum?

A

Mendosicutes

44
Q

Bacteria with no cell walls belong in what phylum?

A

Tenericutes

45
Q

In Phylum Gracilicutes, which class has non-photosynthetic bacteria?

A

Scotobacteria

46
Q

In Phylum Gracilicutes, which class has photosynthethic bacteria that do not produce oxygen?

A

Anoxyphotobacteria

47
Q

In Phylum Firmicutes which class has cocci and bacilli bacteria?

A

Firmibacteria

48
Q

In Phylum Firmicutes which class has bacteria that are not cocci and bacilli?

A

Thallobacteria

49
Q

What class is found in Phylum Tenericutes?

A

Mollicutes

50
Q

What class is found in Phylum Mendosicutes?

A

Archaebacteria

51
Q

Many places that are uninhabitable to other organisms will be populated with members of what class

A

Archaebacteria

52
Q

Photosynthetic organisms called blue-green algae are more properly called what?

A

Cyanobacteria

53
Q

Clostridium botulinum can cause what?

A

Botulism

54
Q

Undercooked eggs and poultry can give you what?

A

Food poisoning

55
Q

What are the forms of Escherichia coli bacteria?

A

pathogenic forms and non-pathogenic forms

56
Q

For optimum growth, most bacteria need what 5 things?

A
  1. Moisture
  2. Moderate temperatures
  3. Nutrition
  4. Darkness
  5. Proper amount of oxygen

Biology (24 decks)

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