Module 11 Vocabulary

Question 1

Gemmule

Answer 1

A cluster of cells encased in a hard spicule -reinforced shell

Question 2

Medusa

Answer 2

A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles.

Question 3

Visceral hump

Answer 3

A hump that contains a mollusk’s heart, digestive, and excretory organs

Question 4

Foot

Answer 4

A muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal

Question 5

Mantle

Answer 5

A sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, makes the mollusk’s shell, and performs respiration.

Question 6

Circulatory system

Answer 6

A system designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature’s body.

Question 7

Nervous system

Answer 7

A system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound,touch,and taste

Question 8

Invertebrates

Answer 8

Animals that lack a backbone

Question 9

Vertebrates

Answer 9

Animals that possess a backbone

Question 10

Spherical symmetry

Answer 10

An organism possesses spherical symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism’s center.

Question 11

Radial symmetry

Answer 11

An organism possesses radial symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center.

Question 12

Bilateral symmetry

Answer 12

An organism possesses bilateral symmetry if it can only be cut into two identical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves.

Question 13

Epidermis

Answer 13

An outer layer of cells designed to provide protection

Question 14

Mesenchyme

Answer 14

The jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge

Question 15

Collar cells

Answer 15

Flagellated cells that push water through a sponge

Question 16

Amoebocytes

Answer 16

Cells that move using pseudopods and perform a variety of functions in animals

Question 17

Polyp

Answer 17

The sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other

Question 18

Epithelium

Answer 18

Animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance

Question 19

Mesoglea

Answer 19

The jelly-like substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian

Question 20

Nematocysts

Answer 20

Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators

Question 21

Testes

Answer 21

Organs that produce sperm

Question 22

Ovaries

Answer 22

Organs that produce eggs

Question 23

Anterior end

Answer 23

The end of an animal that contains its head

Question 24

Posterior end

Answer 24

The end of an animal that contains its tail

Question 25

Ganglia

Answer 25

Masses of nerve cell bodies

Question 26

Hermaphroditic

Answer 26

Possessing both the male and the female reproductive organs

Question 27

Regeneration

Answer 27

The ability to regrow a missing part of the body

Question 28

Shell

Answer 28

A tough, multilayered structure secreted by the mantle, generally used for protection, but sometimes for body support

Question 29

Radula

Answer 29

An organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths.

Question 30

Univalve

Answer 30

An organism with a single shell.

Question 31

Bivalve

Answer 31

An organism with two shells.