Module #4 Review Questions Flashcards
Name the five features common to most fungi.
- Saprophytic feeding
- Extracellar digestion
- Reproduction by spores
- Multicellular makeup
- Cell walls containing chitin
What is the name of the hyphae that have cells separated by cell walls?
Septate hyphae
What do Septate hyphae in which cytoplasm is exchanged?
Pores
What is the name of hyphae that have no separations between the cells and the nuclei are spread throughout the hypha?
Nonseparate hyphae
What do pores allow Septate hypae to exchange with other septate hypae?
Cytoplasm
What type of hyphae are imbedded in the material on which the fungus grows?
Rhizoids hyphae
What type of hyphae are not embedded in the material on which the fungus grows?
Aerial hyphae
If hypha produces spores it is called what?
A Sporophore
If a hypha asexually produces more filaments it is called what?
A stolon
A hypha that enters the cells of the living organism and draws nutrients directly from the cytoplasm of those cells is called what?
A Haustorium
All fungi are assumed (but not all are confirmed) to have some _________ mode of spore formation.
Sexual
What is the name of the specialized spore-forming structures that are involved in sexual reproduction of fungus?
Fruiting bodies
The sexual reproduction between what two organisms result in fruiting bodies?
Compatible Hyphae
One mode of asexual reproduction in fungi involves the lengthening of a what?
Stolon
After the stolen reaches a certain length,
what of the new fungus is form in the hypae?
Mycelium
In Kingdom fungi members of phylum Basidiomycota form sexual spores on what?
Club-like Basidia
In kingdom Fungi. Members of phylum Ascomycota form sexual spores in what?
Saclike asci
In kingdom Fungi. Members of phylum Zygomycota form sexual spores where?
where hyphae fuse
In kingdom Fungi. Members of phylum Chytridiomycota form spores with what feature?
Flagella
In kingdom Fungi Members of Deuteromycota do not have what?
No known form of sexual reproduction
In kingdom Fungi Members of Deuteromycota are sometimes called what.
imperfect fungi
In kingdom Fungi. Members of phylum Myxomycota are placed in what kingdom by some biologists?
Protista
Why are Members of phylum Myxomycota are placed in Kingdom Protista by other biologists?
because they resemble protozoa for much of their lives
Mushrooms make up most of the organisms in what phylum?
Basidiomycota
In the mushroom life cycle, mycelia grow from what?
Spores
In the mushroom life cycle, two mycelia will do what for sexual reproduction.
Fuse
In a mushrooms life cycle, the resulting mycelium will grow, crowding out the what.
parent mycelia
In the mushroom life cycle, many hyphae will enclose themselves in a membrane, forming what stage of the mushroom.
The Button stage
In the mushrooms life cycle, what will eventually emerge from the membrane?
A fruiting body or stipe and cap
The fruiting body, in the mushroom’s life cycle, will be composed of what three basic components?
- stipe
- cap
- gills
The spores are formed on basidia are found in the what?
Gills
The mycelium of a mushroom tends to grow outward in what kind of patches?
Circular
Because it can run out of food in the center, the fruiting bodies of the fungus can sometimes form what?
A fairy ring
What are part of phylum Basidiomycota and grow spores inside a membrane?
Puffball fungi
When disturbed, the spores of a puffball are pushed out what near the top of the membrane?
A hole
What in this phylum Basidiomycota grow shelflike structures on both dead and living wood.
shelf fung
Rust and smuts are examples of what kind fungi in phylum Basidiomycota?
Parasitic
A parasitic fungus tends to live most of its live cycle on one host, which is called its what?
main host
A Parasitic fungus tends to live most of its live cycle on one host, however must also spend a certain part of its life cycle on what?
Alternate host
What are single-celled members of phylum Ascomycota ?
Yeast
How doesYeast asexually reproduce?
By budding
Yeast are used in what process?
fermentation
Fermentation anaerobically break down sugars into smaller molecules, such as what and what?
carbon dioxide, alcohol
Carbon dioxide can make bread dough do?
Rise
In fermentation alcohol molecules can be used to make what?
Alcoholic beverages
Members of phylum Ascomycota that have fruiting bodies which look like sponges are called what?
Morels
Members of phylum Ascomycota that have fruiting bodies which look like cups are called what?
cup fungi
Members of phylum Ascomycota that feeds on rye grain and is deadly to people are called what?
ergot of rye or claviceps purpurea
Members of phylum Ascomycota include tree parasites that cause what two diseases?
dutch elm disease, chestnut blight.
The spores formed by fungi in phylum Zygomycota are called ___,
zygospores
Zygospores are composed of a hard, protective coating around a ___.
zygote
Bread ___ is in phylum Zygomycota.
Mold
Bread mold forms ___ spores in sporangiophores
Asexual
Fungi in what genus are in phylum Deuteromycota?
Penicillium
Fungi in genus Penicillim produced the first what ever discovered?
Antibiotic
Some bacteria have adapted to be what to infection-fighting compounds?
immune
Members of phylum Myxomycota are often called what?
Slime mold
What do slime mold resemble during the feeding stage?
Protozoa
During the feeding stage of slime mold what is the mass of living tissue called?
Plasmodium
What do slime mold resemble during the reproductive stage?
Fungi
There is no such thing as what kind of scientist?
Unbiased
What is produced in a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga?
Lichen
The alga produces what for itself and the fungus?
Food
How do the alga produce food for itself and the fungus?
photosynthesis
What does the fungus do for the alga?
Support and protection
Most lichen reproduce by releasing a dust-like substance called what?
Soredium
Soredium contains spores of both what and what in a protective case?
Alga and fungus
What is a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a plant root?
Mycorrhiza (or fungus root)
In the mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a plant root, the root does what for the fungus?
Gives it nutrients
In mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a plant root what does the fungus do for the plant?
Gives it minerals
Lichem is a mutualistic relationship usually contains organisms from phylum what and what?
Phylum Chlorophyta ( algae provides food for both by photosynthesis) Phylum Ascomycota ( Fungus, Supports and protects Alga)
When a lichem reproduces it is called a ?
Soredium- containing spores from both the alga and fungi in a protective case.
In a lichem relationship the fungi does what for the alga?
Supports and protects.
In a lichem relationship the agae does what for the fungi?
Provides food through photosynthesis.
What is a symbiosis between a plant root and fungus called?
Mycorrhiza ( fungus root)
