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Biology > Module #4 Review Questions > Flashcards

Module #4 Review Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the five features common to most fungi.

A
  1. Saprophytic feeding
  2. Extracellar digestion
  3. Reproduction by spores
  4. Multicellular makeup
  5. Cell walls containing chitin
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2
Q

What is the name of the hyphae that have cells separated by cell walls?

A

Septate hyphae

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3
Q

What do Septate hyphae in which cytoplasm is exchanged?

A

Pores

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4
Q

What is the name of hyphae that have no separations between the cells and the nuclei are spread throughout the hypha?

A

Nonseparate hyphae

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5
Q

What do pores allow Septate hypae to exchange with other septate hypae?

A

Cytoplasm

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6
Q

What type of hyphae are imbedded in the material on which the fungus grows?

A

Rhizoids hyphae

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7
Q

What type of hyphae are not embedded in the material on which the fungus grows?

A

Aerial hyphae

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8
Q

If hypha produces spores it is called what?

A

A Sporophore

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9
Q

If a hypha asexually produces more filaments it is called what?

A

A stolon

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10
Q

A hypha that enters the cells of the living organism and draws nutrients directly from the cytoplasm of those cells is called what?

A

A Haustorium

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11
Q

All fungi are assumed (but not all are confirmed) to have some _________ mode of spore formation.

A

Sexual

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12
Q

What is the name of the specialized spore-forming structures that are involved in sexual reproduction of fungus?

A

Fruiting bodies

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13
Q

The sexual reproduction between what two organisms result in fruiting bodies?

A

Compatible Hyphae

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14
Q

One mode of asexual reproduction in fungi involves the lengthening of a what?

A

Stolon

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15
Q

After the stolen reaches a certain length,

what of the new fungus is form in the hypae?

A

Mycelium

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16
Q

In Kingdom fungi members of phylum Basidiomycota form sexual spores on what?

A

Club-like Basidia

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17
Q

In kingdom Fungi. Members of phylum Ascomycota form sexual spores in what?

A

Saclike asci

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18
Q

In kingdom Fungi. Members of phylum Zygomycota form sexual spores where?

A

where hyphae fuse

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19
Q

In kingdom Fungi. Members of phylum Chytridiomycota form spores with what feature?

A

Flagella

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20
Q

In kingdom Fungi Members of Deuteromycota do not have what?

A

No known form of sexual reproduction

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21
Q

In kingdom Fungi Members of Deuteromycota are sometimes called what.

A

imperfect fungi

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22
Q

In kingdom Fungi. Members of phylum Myxomycota are placed in what kingdom by some biologists?

A

Protista

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23
Q

Why are Members of phylum Myxomycota are placed in Kingdom Protista by other biologists?

A

because they resemble protozoa for much of their lives

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24
Q

Mushrooms make up most of the organisms in what phylum?

A

Basidiomycota

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25
Q

In the mushroom life cycle, mycelia grow from what?

A

Spores

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26
Q

In the mushroom life cycle, two mycelia will do what for sexual reproduction.

A

Fuse

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27
Q

In a mushrooms life cycle, the resulting mycelium will grow, crowding out the what.

A

parent mycelia

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28
Q

In the mushroom life cycle, many hyphae will enclose themselves in a membrane, forming what stage of the mushroom.

A

The Button stage

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29
Q

In the mushrooms life cycle, what will eventually emerge from the membrane?

A

A fruiting body or stipe and cap

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30
Q

The fruiting body, in the mushroom’s life cycle, will be composed of what three basic components?

A
  1. stipe
  2. cap
  3. gills
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31
Q

The spores are formed on basidia are found in the what?

A

Gills

32
Q

The mycelium of a mushroom tends to grow outward in what kind of patches?

A

Circular

33
Q

Because it can run out of food in the center, the fruiting bodies of the fungus can sometimes form what?

A

A fairy ring

34
Q

What are part of phylum Basidiomycota and grow spores inside a membrane?

A

Puffball fungi

35
Q

When disturbed, the spores of a puffball are pushed out what near the top of the membrane?

A

A hole

36
Q

What in this phylum Basidiomycota grow shelflike structures on both dead and living wood.

A

shelf fung

37
Q

Rust and smuts are examples of what kind fungi in phylum Basidiomycota?

A

Parasitic

38
Q

A parasitic fungus tends to live most of its live cycle on one host, which is called its what?

A

main host

39
Q

A Parasitic fungus tends to live most of its live cycle on one host, however must also spend a certain part of its life cycle on what?

A

Alternate host

40
Q

What are single-celled members of phylum Ascomycota ?

A

Yeast

41
Q

How doesYeast asexually reproduce?

A

By budding

42
Q

Yeast are used in what process?

A

fermentation

43
Q

Fermentation anaerobically break down sugars into smaller molecules, such as what and what?

A

carbon dioxide, alcohol

44
Q

Carbon dioxide can make bread dough do?

A

Rise

45
Q

In fermentation alcohol molecules can be used to make what?

A

Alcoholic beverages

46
Q

Members of phylum Ascomycota that have fruiting bodies which look like sponges are called what?

A

Morels

47
Q

Members of phylum Ascomycota that have fruiting bodies which look like cups are called what?

A

cup fungi

48
Q

Members of phylum Ascomycota that feeds on rye grain and is deadly to people are called what?

A

ergot of rye or claviceps purpurea

49
Q

Members of phylum Ascomycota include tree parasites that cause what two diseases?

A

dutch elm disease, chestnut blight.

50
Q

The spores formed by fungi in phylum Zygomycota are called ___,

A

zygospores

51
Q

Zygospores are composed of a hard, protective coating around a ___.

A

zygote

52
Q

Bread ___ is in phylum Zygomycota.

A

Mold

53
Q

Bread mold forms ___ spores in sporangiophores

A

Asexual

54
Q

Fungi in what genus are in phylum Deuteromycota?

A

Penicillium

55
Q

Fungi in genus Penicillim produced the first what ever discovered?

A

Antibiotic

56
Q

Some bacteria have adapted to be what to infection-fighting compounds?

A

immune

57
Q

Members of phylum Myxomycota are often called what?

A

Slime mold

58
Q

What do slime mold resemble during the feeding stage?

A

Protozoa

59
Q

During the feeding stage of slime mold what is the mass of living tissue called?

A

Plasmodium

60
Q

What do slime mold resemble during the reproductive stage?

A

Fungi

61
Q

There is no such thing as what kind of scientist?

A

Unbiased

62
Q

What is produced in a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga?

A

Lichen

63
Q

The alga produces what for itself and the fungus?

A

Food

64
Q

How do the alga produce food for itself and the fungus?

A

photosynthesis

65
Q

What does the fungus do for the alga?

A

Support and protection

66
Q

Most lichen reproduce by releasing a dust-like substance called what?

A

Soredium

67
Q

Soredium contains spores of both what and what in a protective case?

A

Alga and fungus

68
Q

What is a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a plant root?

A

Mycorrhiza (or fungus root)

69
Q

In the mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a plant root, the root does what for the fungus?

A

Gives it nutrients

70
Q

In mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a plant root what does the fungus do for the plant?

A

Gives it minerals

71
Q

Lichem is a mutualistic relationship usually contains organisms from phylum what and what?

A 
Phylum Chlorophyta ( algae provides food for both by photosynthesis)
Phylum Ascomycota ( Fungus, Supports and protects Alga)
72
Q

When a lichem reproduces it is called a ?

A

Soredium- containing spores from both the alga and fungi in a protective case.

73
Q

In a lichem relationship the fungi does what for the alga?

A

Supports and protects.

74
Q

In a lichem relationship the agae does what for the fungi?

A

Provides food through photosynthesis.

75
Q

What is a symbiosis between a plant root and fungus called?

A

Mycorrhiza ( fungus root)

Biology (24 decks)

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