Module 5 (Renal and Urinary System) Overview Flashcards
Total Body Water
Extracellular Fluid
Intracellular Fluid
Major Organs of Renal System
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Major Structure of Kidneys
Fibrous Capsule
Cortex
Medullar
Pyramid
Column
Kidney Lobe
Urine Drainage Structures
Papilla
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal Pelvis
Ureters
(Hilum)
Kidney Blood Pathway
Abdominal Aorta
Renal Artery
Series of Arterioles
Afferent Arteriole
Glomerular Capillary
Efferent Arteriole
Peritubular Capillary
Series of Veins
Renal Vein
Inferior Vena Cava
Types of Nephrons
Cortical Nephrons
Juxtamedullary Nephrons
Nephron Structures
Glomerulus
- glomerular capillaries
- glomerular capsule
Renal Tubules
- proximal convoluted tubule
- nephron loop
- distal convoluted tubule
Collecting Duct
Nephron Loop
Thick descending (PCT structure)
Thin descending (simple squamous)
Thick ascending (DCT structure)
Thin ascending (simple squamous)
Ureter Wall
Transitional epithelium
Muscularis
Adventitia
Urinary Bladder Wall
Transitional epithelium mucosa
Detrusor muscle
Urethra Sphincters
Internal urethral sphincter = involuntary smooth muscle
External urethral sphincter = voluntary skeletal muscle
Filtration Barrier Layers
Fenestrated endothelium of glomerular endothelium.
Fused basement membrane.
Filtration slits between the pedicels of the podocytes.
Normal Urine Composition
Water
Creatinine
Urea
Uric Acid
Hydrogen Ions
Sodium
Potassium
Medcations
Toxins
Pathological Urine Composition
Glucose
Proteins (Albumin)
Blood (RBC and WBC)
Haemoglobin
Bacteria
Kidney Functions
Filter Blood
Reabsorption of nutrients
Water Homeostasis
Endocrine - EPO
Gluconeogenesis
pH Regulation
Salt and Ion Homeostasis - K+
Excretion of Medications
