Module 4 (Gastrointestinal System) Overview

Question 1

Major Organs of Gastrointestinal System

Answer 1

Oral cavity (Mouth)
Pharynx
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

Question 2

Accessory Organs of Gastrointestinal System

Answer 2

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary Glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

Question 3

Functions of the Gastrointestinal System

Answer 3

Motility
Secretion
Digestion
Absorption

Question 4

Gut Tube Layers

Answer 4

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Adventitia

Question 5

Mucosa Components

Answer 5

Epithelium
Lamina Propria (FCT)
Mucularis mucosae

Question 6

Submucosa Components

Answer 6

Connective Tissue
Glands
Blood Vessels

Question 7

General Layers of Muscularis

Answer 7

Smooth Muscle:
Inner circular
Outer longitudinal

Question 8

Layers of Stomach Muscularis

Answer 8

Smooth Muscle:
Inner Oblique
Middle Circular
Outer Longitudinal

Question 9

Gland Types

Answer 9

Unicellular Glands
Multicellular Glands

Question 10

Salivary Glands

Answer 10

Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular

Question 11

Peritoneum Layers

Answer 11

Parietal Layer (= lines body wall)
Visceral Layer (= lines organs)

Question 12

Double Layers of Visceral Peritoneum

Answer 12

Mesentery
Omenta

Question 13

Stomach Parts

Answer 13

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus

Question 14

Pyloric Components

Answer 14

Antrum
Canal
Orifice
Sphincter

Question 15

Cells of Gastric Glands

Answer 15

Parietal cells
G cells
Chief cells

Question 16

Small Intestine Parts

Answer 16

Duodenum
Jejenum
Ileum

Question 17

Large Intestine Parts

Answer 17

Caecum
Colon (Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid)
Rectum
Anus

Question 18

Specialisations of the Small Intestine to Increase Surface Area

Answer 18

Length
Plicae Circulares
Villi
Microvilli

Question 19

Small Intestine Epithelium

Answer 19

Enterocytes
Goblet Cells
Stem Cells
Paneth Cells
Endocrine Cells

Question 20

Large Intestine Gross Structure

Answer 20

Teniae Coli
Haustra
Omental Appendices

Question 21

Liver Blood Supply

Answer 21

Hepatic Portal Vein
Superior Mesenteric Vein
Inferior Mesenteric Vein

Question 22

Liver Venous Drainage

Answer 22

Central Vein
Hepatic Vein
Inferior Vena Cava

Question 23

Regulation of GI Function

Answer 23

Central Nervous System (PSNS + SNS)
Enteric Nervous System

Question 24

Critical Hormones

Answer 24

Gastrin
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP)
Secretin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 25

Contractions

Answer 25

Phasic
Tonic

Question 26

Motility Patterns

Answer 26

Migrating Motor Complex
Peristalsis
Retropulsion
Segmentation

Question 27

Exocrine Secretions

Answer 27

Mucus
Electrolyte Solution
Digestive Enzymes

Question 28

Gastric Secretions

Answer 28

Muscus
Intrinsic Factor
Pepsinogen
Gastric Acid

Question 29

Phases of Gastric Secretion

Answer 29

Cepalic Phase
Gastric Phase
Intestinal Phase

Question 30

Pancreatic Secretions

Answer 30

Enzymes
Alkaine Fluid

Question 31

Pancreatic Enzymes

Answer 31

Lipolytic
Amylytic
Proteolytic
Nucleolytic

Question 32

Small Intestine Secretions

Answer 32

Muscus
Isomotic Fluid
Digestive Enzymes

Question 33

Large Intestine Secretion

Answer 33

Mucus

Question 34

Chemical Digestion Nutrients

Answer 34

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids

Question 35

Disaccarides

Answer 35

Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Lactose = glucose + galactose
Maltose = glucose + glucose

Question 36

Chemical Digestion Stages

Answer 36

Luminal Digestion
Contact Digestion

Question 37

Stages of Fat Chemical Digestion

Answer 37

Emulsification
Stabilisation
Digestion (Hydrolysis)
Formation of Micelles

Question 38

Factors Affecting Absorption

Answer 38

Motility
Surface Area
Transport across epithelium
Removal from interstitial fluid

Question 39

Types of Diffusion

Answer 39

Passive
Active
Co-Transport

Question 40

Epithelial Diffusion Pathways

Answer 40

Paracellular
Transcellular