Module 3 (Respiratory System) Overview Flashcards
Optimal Air Conditions
Warm
Clean
Moist
Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose
Nasal Cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Pharynx
Lower Respiratory Tract
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lungs
Additional Components of Respiratory Tract
Thoracic Cavity
Joints
Respiratory Muscles
Respiratory Epithelium
Psuadostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
Olfactory epithelium Components
Olfactory nerve fibers
Olfactory receptor cells
Olfactory support cells
Dentrites
Pharynx Regions
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Larynx Components
Epiglottis
Hyoid Bone
Laryngeal Prominence
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Tracheal cartilage
Vocal fold
Vestibular fold
Bronchial Tree
Trachea
Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Bronchiole
Terminal Bronchioles
Lung Epithelial Cells = Pneumocytes
Type I Squamous
Type II Cuboidal
(+ roaming macrophages)
Blood Air Barrier
Alveoli cell layer
Basement membrane
Capillary endothelium
Body Cavities of the Trunk
Thoracic Cavity
Diaphragm
Abdominal-Pelvic cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Mediastinum
Pleural cavities
Ventilation
Inspiration
Expiration
Boyle’s Law
P = 1/V
Thoracic Joints
Anterior:
Sternocostal
Costochondral
Interchondral
Posterior:
Costotransverse
Costovertebral
Muscles of Respiratory
Diaphragm
Intercostals
Accessory muscles
Pleural Layers
Visceral
Partial
+ Pleural Fluid in-between
Fick’s Law of Diffusion
F = A/T . D . (P1-P2)
Opposing Forces of Breathing
Stiffness of Lungs (compliance)
Resistance to Airways (bronchial radius)
Spirometry Trace Volumes
Tidal Volume
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Residual Volume
Minimal Volume
Spirometry Trace Capacities
Vital Capacity
Total Lung Capacity
Inspiratory Capacity
Functional Residual Capacity
Respiratory Disease Types
Obstructive (e.g. Bronchial Asthma and COPD)
Restrictive (e.g. Pulmonary Fibrosis)
Gas Mixture
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Water Vapor
Gas Transfer via Diffusion determined by:
Surface Area
Thickness
Pressure Difference
Alveolar Partial Pressure factors
Partial Pressure
Alveolar ventilation
Consumption (O2) or Production (CO2)
Oxygen-Binding Curve Right Shift caused by:
Increase in CO2
Increase in H+ = Decrease in pH
Increase in Temp
Oxygen-Binding Curve Left Shift caused by:
Decrease in CO2
Decrease in H+ = Increase in pH
Decrease in Temp
Bohr Effect: Factors that causes a shift in Oxygen-Binding Curve
pH
Temperature
CO2
BPG
CO2 Transport
Dissolved in plasma
Bicarbonate
Combined with proteins
Neurons
1 = DRG (dorsal respiratory group)
2 = VRG (ventral respiratory group)
3 = Pre-Botzinger Complex
*all located in medulla oblongata of brain steam
Sensors
Chemoreceptors (Central and Peripheral)
Lung Stretch Receptors
Baroreceptors
Protective Reflexes
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV):
Extra volume that can be inhaled over and above tidal volume
Tidal Volume:
Volume of air moved in and out during normal quiet breath. Average 500mL.
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV):
Extra volume that can be exhaled voluntarily after completion of a normal quiet repertory cycle
Minimal Volume:
Volume remaining in lungs if they collapsed - cannot be removed from lungs
Residual Volume:
Volume remaining in lungs after maximum exhalation
Inspiratory Capacity:
Total volume of air that can be inspired from rest = IRV + VT
Vital Capacity:
Total volume of air that can be moved in and out of your lungs = IRV + ERV + VT
Functional Residual Capacity:
Volume remaining in lungs after normal expiration = ERV + RV
Total Lung Capacity:
Total volume in lungs when filled to maximum = Vt + RV
