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MICROBIOLOGY > MODULE 5 MULTI-CHOICE > Flashcards

MODULE 5 MULTI-CHOICE Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. Which of the following is the highest level of classification?

(a) Order
(b) Genus
(c) Species
(d) Class
(e) Family

A

CLASS

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2
Q
  1. When characterising a bacterium, which of the following is not an assessment of phenotypic characteristics:

(a) Gram stains
(b) Lipid profiling
(c) Mole percentage guanine + cytosine
(d) Arrangement of cells
(e) Antigenic properties

A

MOLE PERCENTAGE GUANINE + CYTOSINE

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following is a metabolic characteristic used in microbial classification?

(a) Endospore shape and location
(b) % DNA similarity
(c) Fermentation products
(d) Gram stain result
(e) Any of the above

A

FERMENTATION PRODUCTS

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following is universally distributed, functionally constant, and best used for taxonomic analysis?

(a) Cell walls
(b) Enzymes
(c) Ribosomes
(d) Cytochromes
(e) Any of the above

A

RIBOSOMES

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5
Q
  1. You have isolated a Gram-positive rod. What would be the best test to do next?

(a) Gram stain
(b) Endospore stain
(c) Glucose fermentation
(d) Flagella stain
(e) Oxidase test

A

ENDOSPORE STAIN

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6
Q
  1. The earliest stromatolites were probably:

(a) Anoxygenic phototrophs
(b) Oxygenic phototrophs
(c) Anoxygenic heterotrophs
(d) Oxygenic heterotrophs
(e) None of the above

A

ANOXYGENIC PHOTOTROPHS

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7
Q
  1. Classical or conventional taxonomy includes:

(a) Gram reactions
(b) Biochemical tests
(c) Enzyme reactions
(d) Nutritional requirements
(e) All of the above

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

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8
Q
  1. At present, the origins of life on Earth are believed to have been a result of:

(a) Spontaneous generation
(b) An accumulation of prebiotic compounds over time
(c) Endosymbiosis
(d) The development of oxygen in the atmosphere
(e) The arrival of extraterrestrial life

A

AN ACCUMULATION OF PREBIOTIC COMPOUNDS OVER TIME

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9
Q
  1. Microorganisms inhabiting environments closest to those on primitive Earth are:

(a) Bacteria
(b) Eukarya
(c) Archaea
(d) Protozoa
(e) Fungi

A

ARCHAEA

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10
Q
  1. These days the most useful evolutionary chronometer is considered to be:

(a) DNA
(b) ATPase
(c) Ribosomal RNA
(d) Cytochrome C
(e) Fossil records

A

RIBOSOMAL RNA

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11
Q
  1. The first organisms to evolve on Earth were most likely which group:

(a) Hyperthermophiles
(b) Methanogens
(c) Extreme halophiles
(d) Psychrophiles
(e) Aerobes

A

HYPERTHERMOPHILES

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a group belonging to the domain Archaea:

(a) Spirochetes
(b) Methanogens
(c) Psychrophiles
(d) Hyperthermophiles
(e) Extreme halophiles

A

SPIROCHETES

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13
Q
  1. Molecular sequencing suggests that mitochondria arose from a group of prokaryotic organisms within the

(a) Bacterial phylum Proteobacteria
(b) Archaeal phylum Crenarchaeota
(c) Bacterial phylum Cyanobacteria
(d) Archaeal phylum Euryarchaota

A

BACTERIAL PHYLUM PROTEOBACTERIA

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14
Q
  1. The eukaryotic functional equivalent of the prokaryotic 16S rRNA is the

(a) 5S rRNA
(b) 16S rRNA
(c) 18S rRNA
(d) 23S rRNA
(e) 30S rRNA

A

18S rRNA

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15
Q
  1. The first catalytic and self-replication biological molecule was most likely

(a) RNA
(b) DNA
(c) proteins
(d) ATP
(e) A cytochrome

A

RNA

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16
Q
  1. If two organisms have similar rRNA sequences, you can conclude that:

(a) They will have the same cellular morphology
(b) They live in the same place
(c) They will have the same biochemical characteristics
(d) They evolved from a common ancestor
(e) All of the above

A

THEY EVOLVED FROM A COMMON ANCESTOR

17
Q
  1. Because DNA:DNA hybridization (DNA homology) reveals subtle differences in genes, it is useful for differentiating organisms from different

(a) domains
(b) families
(c) orders
(d) strains or species

A

STRAINS OR SPECIES

18
Q
  1. You are studying 12 new isolates from the human skin. The isolates have 16S rRNA sequences that are 98% similar and share important phenotypic traits. Their genomes have 55% of their genes in common. The isolates would most likely be

(a) classified as individual strains of the same species.
(b) classified as individual species of the same genus.
(c) split into different families.
(d) classified as the same species if they can mate via conjugation.

A

CLASSIFIED AS INDIVIDUAL STRAINS OF THE SAME SPECIES.

19
Q
  1. According to the endosymbiotic theory:

(a) The nucleus of eukaryotes developed from a prokaryote that lost metabolic capabilities but maintained genetic material
(b) Multicellular organisms evolved when primitive cells incorporated prokaryotes
(c) Chloroplasts and mitochondria of eukaryotes began as prokaryotes
(d) RNA became enclosed in lipoprotein vesicles to become early cellular life

A

CHLOROPLASTS AND MITOCHONDRIA OF EUKARYOTES BEGAN AS PROKARYOTES.

20
Q
  1. The presence of which factor on a planet or moon would most increase the belief that it could contain extraterrestrial life:

(a) Water below the surface
(b) Inorganic oxides in soils
(c) Methane in the atmosphere
(d) Organic compounds
(e) Any of the above

A

ANY OF THE ABOVE

21
Q
  1. The earliest nucleic acid was probably:

(a) A simple single stranded DNA molecule
(b) A double stranded DNA molecule
(c) An RNA molecule
(d) A different molecule to DNA and RNA

A

AN RNA MOLECULE

22
Q
  1. Archaea contain all of the following except:

(a) Psychrophiles
(b) Hyperthermophiles
(c) Methanogens
(d) Pathogens
(e) Extreme halophiles

A

PATHOGENS

23
Q
  1. Escherichia coli belongs to the

(a) Proteobacteria
(b) Gram-positive bacteria
(c) Green sulfur bacteria
(d) Spirochetes
(e) Actinomycetes.

A

PROTEOBACTERIA

24
Q
  1. Which group within Proteobacteria that contains intestinal rods such as Salmonella:

(a) Pseudomonads
(b) Enteric bacteria
(c) Purple phototrophic bacteria
(d) Bacilli
(e) Chemolithotrophs

A

ENTERIC BACTERIA

25
Q
  1. Mycoplasma are unusual bacteria because they have:

(a) No outer membrane
(b) No cell membrane
(c) No cell wall
(d) No nuclear membrane
(e) Mycolic acids in their cell wall

A

NO CELL WALL

26
Q
  1. Streptomyces within Actinobacteria are one of the most important bacteria for humans because:

(a) They produce extremely potent neurotoxins in infections
(b) They produce antibiotics
(c) They produce dairy foods such as cheese and yogurt
(d) The cause a wide range of diseases
(e) None of the above

A

THEY PRODUCE ANTIBIOTICS

27
Q
  1. Staphylococcus aureus is an important bacterium medically because it can:

(a) Be resistant to antibiotics
(b) Cause a range of hospital acquired infections
(c) Produce a number of toxins
(d) Cause food poisoning
(e) All of the above

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

28
Q
  1. An important characteristic of Mycobacteria is that they:

(a) Are hydrophilic
(b) Have no cell wall
(c) Are intracellular parasites
(d) Have mycolic acids in their cell wall
(e) None of the above

A

HAVE MYCOLIC ACIDS IN THEIR CELL WALL

29
Q
  1. Lactic acid bacteria are an important group of bacteria because all of the members:

(a) Ferment lactic acid
(b) Can be used as probiotics
(c) Are pathogenic
(d) Produce a range of fermented foods
(e) Produce lactic acid

A

PRODUCE LACTIC ACID

30
Q
  1. Which of the following is the best reason to classify Staphylococcus in the Bacilli class of Firmicutes?

(a) Gram reaction
(b) Morphology
(c) Fermentation of lactose to lactic acid
(d) rRNA sequences
(e) Endospore formation

A

rRNA SEQUENCES

31
Q
  1. Archaea contain all of the following except:

(a) Psychrophiles
(b) Hyperthermophiles
(c) Methanogens
(d) Pathogens
(e) Extreme halophiles

A

PATHOGENS

32
Q
  1. Borrelia burgdorferi causes lyme disease and belongs to the phylum Spirochaetes. Besides phylogenic similarity, another important characteristic that this organism has in common with all spirochaetes is:

(a) Producing endospores
(b) Possessing an outer sheath and axial filament
(c) Being pathogenic
(d) Being an obligate intracellular parasite
(e) Being transmitted by ticks

A

POSSESSING AN OUTER SHEATH AND AXIAL FILAMENT

33
Q
  1. The genus Clostridium contains species that are responsible for some dreaded diseases. In which of the diseases occurring in deep wounds is a powerful neurotoxin produced that inhibits the production of glycine leading to uncontrolled muscle contraction and lockjaw?

(a) Gas gangrene caused by Clostridium perfringens
(b) Food poisoning caused by Clostridium perfringens
(c) Tetanus caused by Clostridium tetani
(d) Botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum
(e) Food poisoning caused by Clostridium botulinum

A

TETANUS CAUSED BY CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI

34
Q
  1. Which phylum harbors the most functional diversity observed and also has the most cultured representatives?

(a) Actinobacteria
(b) Bacteroidetes
(c) Firmicutes
(d) Proteobacteria
(e) Crenarchaeota

A

PROTEOBACTERIA

35
Q
  1. Which of the following genera are important endospore-forming bacteria found in most anaerobic environments?

(a) Salmonella
(b) Corynebacteria
(c) Bacillus
(d) Clostridium
(e) Mycobacterium

A

CLOSTRIDIUM

MICROBIOLOGY (14 decks)

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