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IDIS 199 > Module 5: Mental Health Awareness: Prevention, Early Recognition, and Support > Flashcards

Module 5: Mental Health Awareness: Prevention, Early Recognition, and Support Flashcards

1
Q

What is managing distress

A

-being able to manage distress refers to learning how to cope with negative or difficult emotional status

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2
Q

What is the “tipping point”

A

-is the point at which someone begins showing signs and symptoms of the strain/burden of perceived stress

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3
Q

Components of the stress diathesis model

A

-stress
-diathesis

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4
Q

Stress in the stress-diathesis model

A

-stress triggers several interconnected biological systems
-body adapts to this stress through allostasis

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5
Q

Diathesis in the stress diathesis model

A

-refers to the concept of vulnerability
-can be biological through genetic inheritance, a psychosocial vulnerability created by exposure to a stressor early in life

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6
Q

Steps in brain plasticity due to stress

A
  1. the brain and regulation
  2. stress
  3. stress and health
  4. brain structure
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7
Q
  1. The brain and regulation
A

-the brain is central to stress diathesis model
-determines what are threatening and what are positive experiences

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8
Q
  1. Stress
A

-stress if manageable can lead to positive growth and adaptation

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9
Q
  1. Stress and health
A

-too much stress, takes a toll on the brain and body, and is associated with mental and physical health outcomes

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10
Q
  1. Brain structure
A

-when stressed, the brain changes its structure in an adaptive or maladaptive way in response
-the loss of resilience is a key feature of disorders related to stress

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11
Q

The brain and perceived stress

A

-given your genetics and life experiences, your brain reacts differently to the same stress

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12
Q

Physiologic responses to stress

A

-brain then controls and coordinates physiological and behavioural response to perceived stress
-this can include metabolism, heart rate, anxiety levels, emotions etc
-responses result though signalling of various systems including HPA axis

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13
Q

Allostatic load and stress

A

-wear and tear on body and brain from chronic disregulation

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14
Q

Interventions that can relieve allostatic load

A

-healthy diet
-regular cardiovascular exercise
-social support
-connectedness
-good quality sleep

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15
Q

How does genotype and environment interact to influence susceptibility to experiences

A

-reduces risks
-flourish

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16
Q

Reduces risks

A

-genetic make-up interacts with life experiences good and bad to determine resiliency and sensitivity to stress
-developing health ways to cope can reduce risk

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17
Q

Flourish

A

-young people are at a particularly important time in development when a healthy lifestyle together with accelerated brain development increases the likelihood of positive effects on well being

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18
Q

Most common mental health disorders in canada

A

-anxiety
-depression

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19
Q

Rates of depression and anxiety among canadian youth

A

-similar numbers among youth compared to the general population

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20
Q

Are depression and anxiety disorders more prevalent in females or males

A

-more prevalent in in females

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21
Q

Emotional signs and symptoms of anxiety

A

-feeling on edge
-feeling irritable
-not fully enjoying things

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22
Q

Physical signs and symptoms of anxiety

A

-restlessness
-chest tightness
-muscle tension
-shortness of breath
-headaches
-sweaty palms
-changes in appetite

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23
Q

Behaviour signs and symptoms of anxiety

A

-avoidance of feared situations
-short temper and at times angry
-difficulty sleeping
-difficulty concentrating

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24
Q

Cognitive signs and symptoms of anxiety

A

-apprehension
-over-worry
-distracted

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25
Q

Emotional signs and symptoms of depression

A

-feeling sad
-non-reactive mood
-feeling despair
-loss of enjoyment of normally enjoyable experiences

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26
Q

Physical signs and symptoms of depression

A

-changes in sleep
-changes in appetite
-feeling slowed down in movements, or agitated and restless
-pain, headaches

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27
Q

Behavioural signs and symptoms of depression

A

-withdrawing from friends and family
-staying in more, missing work or university

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28
Q

Cognitive signs and symptoms of depression

A

-feelings of guild
-suicidal thoughts, feelings of hopelessness
-difficulty concentrating
-dwelling on the negative
-thinking over past bad memories and experiences
-difficulty making decisions

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29
Q

Indicators differentiating stress from mental health disorders

A

-disproportionate reaction
-time
-impairment
-out of character

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30
Q

Disproportionate reaction

A

-severity or intensity of symptoms and level of distress are disproportionate to the situation

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31
Q

Time

A

-symptoms persistent for an extended period of time

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32
Q

Impairment

A

-symptoms are associated with impairment and interfere with day-to-day life

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33
Q

Out of character

A

-others notice that the person does not seem themselves or is “off”

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34
Q

Aspects of a mental disorder diagnosis

A

-mental health concerns and conditions require assessment by a mental health professional who takes into account the whole person

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35
Q

Components included in a diagnostic assessment of a mental disorder

A

-developmental history
-family history
-symptoms
-treatment
-other factors
-relational and social factors

36
Q

Developmental history

A

-learning, communication and/or neuromotor problems
-childhood adversity

37
Q

Family history

A

-family history of mental disorders to identify a predisposition, or genetic and familial vulnerability

38
Q

Symptoms

A

-clinical course of distressing and impairing symptoms, in terms of onset and natural and relationship to context/stressors

39
Q

Treatment

A

-response or paradoxical worsening to any treatment tried to date and other physical or medical problems that might be contributing

40
Q

Other factors

A

-includes lifestyle, misuse of alcohol and/or recreational/illicit drugs, current stressors etc

41
Q

Relational and social factors

A

-nature of relationships, social connectedness and environment

42
Q

Student first contact for mental health care options

A

-psychiatry
-counselling
-self-help and peer support
-psychological therapy
-primary care provider

43
Q

Psychiatry

A

-particularly well suited for assessing and treating moderate to severe mental health conditions or disorders that require a combined psychological and pharmacological treatment approach

44
Q

Counselling

A

-often short term and problem-focused
-addresses healthy coping during periods of stress, strengthening problem-solving skills, and managing emotional responses to an identified stressor

45
Q

Self-help and peer support

A

-many universities have peer mentor schemes such as a buddy system
-self help refers to using available resources, such as books, websites or apps

46
Q

Psychological therapy

A

-often well-suited to help with and support young people with emotional, social, and mental health problems typically of moderate

47
Q

Primary care provider

A

-should be thought of as central to coordinating you health and mental health
-first line for assessment of a mental health concern and provide continuity and coordinate care

48
Q

Steps of stepped care from generalized to specialized

A

-campus-based health promotion
-student mental health care team
-community mental health services
-emergency and urgent care services

49
Q

What does effectiveness of the stepped care model rely on

A

-minimally require intervention has itself benefits and gains
-this is a way to rationalize and economize healthcare resources that are often limited
-the care provided is acceptable to patients so that each level is convenient, accessible, and has flexibility

50
Q

Who provides mental health support

A

-occupational therapist
-clinical psychologist
-counsellor
-psychiatrist
-psychotherapists

51
Q

Occupational therapist mental health support

A

-focus on helping people resume or maintain participation in activities such as work school, recreation, and activities of daily living

52
Q

Counsellor mental health support

A

-can support healthy coping, emotional and behavioural regulation, and healthy lifestyle choices

53
Q

Psychotherapist mental health support

A

-often well suited to support individuals with emotional, social and mental health problems of mild to moderate severity

54
Q

Clinical psychologist mental health support

A

-are particularly well-suited to help with a variety of mental health problems and disorders and to work as part of a multidiciplinary team supporting patients with more moderate to severe mental disorders

55
Q

Psychiatrist mental health support

A

-medical doctors with extensive training in diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders integrating pharmacological treatment with other aspects of educational, psychological and social and family care

56
Q

Queen’s university student wellness resources

A

-student wellbeing services
-emotional and mental health support
-educational welfare support
-disability advisor
-student wellness services

57
Q

Ideal mental health system model

A

-would start with a welcoming clinic visit to determine students support need
-followed by referrals to appropriate level of service and support
-ideally there would also be seamless flow between levels of service and between community-based and campus-based services

58
Q

Current campus resources at Queen’s

A

-queens student health and wellness services
-queens student accessibility services
-psychology clinic at queens university

58
Q

Queen’s student health and wellness services

A

-supports personal, academic, and social health development of students by providing a range of programs and services, including physical and mental healthcare

59
Q

Queens student accessibility services

A

-supports the personal and mental health of students, and their academic success through providing a range of resources and services

60
Q

Psychology clinic at queens university

A

-provides psychological assessments, treatment, and consultation for queens students and members of the kingston community
-operates on a fee-for-service model
-however a sliding scale is based on family income

61
Q

Community-based services

A

-hospital-based services
-publicly funded community-based services
-private and fee-for-service options

62
Q

Hospital-based services

A

-include emergency or urgent care and various subspecialty programs which typically have defined criteria for admission

63
Q

Publicly funded community based services

A

-high demand plus limited finding often means that publicly funded community-based services have long waitlists and prioritize the most ill people

64
Q

Private and fee-for-service options

A

-OHIP and many provincial health plans do not cover psychotherapy outside of what is offered on campus
-many people have to rely on private and fee-for-service options

65
Q

Barriers to mental health care

A

-stigma-related barriers
-attitudinal barriers
-practical barriers

66
Q

Stigma related barriers

A

-stigma and fear of being evaluated negatively as a result of a mental health problem presents a significant barrier in accessing mental health services and supports

67
Q

Attitudinal barriers to mental health care

A

-not uncommon for people to invalidate their own or others mental health concerns or diagnosis as there is not a clear diagnosable test such as an x ray or lab test to provide clear objective proof and validation of a mental health disorder

68
Q

Practical barriers

A

-long wait times
-financial barriers
-challenges navigating the system

69
Q

Long wait times

A

-high demand plus limited funding for resources often means that there are long wait times for accessing mental health services

70
Q

Financial barriers

A

-finances can limit timely access and access to certain specialized services

71
Q

Challenges navigating the system

A

-can be difficult to know what level of services you need and where you can best access those services

72
Q

How many categories are there in regard to severity of symptoms and/or distress

A

-4

73
Q

Category 1

A

-no symptoms
-prevention and health promotion

74
Q

Category 2

A

-mild symptoms
-self help for targeted signs and symptoms

75
Q

Category 3

A

-mild to moderate symptoms
-social and/or psychological approaches

76
Q

Category 4

A

-moderate to severe symptoms
-pharmacological and psychological approaches

77
Q

Self-help resources available

A

-workbooks such as “mind over mood”
-apps such as “headspace” “silvercloud” and “iSpero”

78
Q

Social approaches to mental health

A

-social skills workshops
-interest groups and clubs
-health promotion
-support groups

79
Q

Psychological approaches

A

-cognitive processing therapy
-cognitive behavioural therapy
-interpersonal psychotherapy
-supportive counseling
-behavioural activation
-mindfulness-based stress reduction

80
Q

Cognitive processing therapy

A

-type of CBT that focuses on evaluating and changing upsetting thoughts
-has been used for ptsd

81
Q

Cognitive behavioural therapy

A

-has been shown effective in treating mild-moderate sleep problems, anxiety and depression

82
Q

Interpersonal psychotherapy

A

-focuses on relieving symptoms by improving interpersonal functioning
-focuses on understanding and strengthening relationship with yourself and others

83
Q

Supportive counseling

A

-involves having a supportive person to explore current issues and difficulties and look for different ways of approaching them

84
Q

Behavioural activation

A

-evidence-based treatment based on increasing activity level, especially in pleasurable activities to combat low mood

85
Q

Mindfulness-based stress reduction

A

-useful for being mentally present, focused, and relaxed

86
Q
A

IDIS 199 (5 decks)

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