Module 5

Question 1

Define anaplasia

Answer 1

complete lack of differentiation; cell has reverted back to its nondifferentiated or primitive form -variable cell and nuclear size and shape, increased chromatin, increased and atypical mitosis

Question 2

what is the key thing about a benign tumour?

Answer 2

it does not invade or spread

Question 3

cancer

Answer 3

specifically malignant neoplasms

Question 4

define neoplasia

Answer 4

“new growth”, the process that results in the formation and growth of a tumour

Question 5

what is a neoplasm?

Answer 5

an abnormal mass of tissue that grows more rapidly than normal, is uncoordinated with that of normal tissue and continues to grow after the stimulus that initiated the new growth is removed or stops

Question 6

oncogenes

Answer 6

are deregulated or altered genes (were proto-oncogenes) that lead to the development of cancer; these proto-oncogenes are usually normal genes that play key roles in controlling cell growth and differentiation

Question 7

tumour suppressor genes

Answer 7

normal genes whose products inhibit cell growth

Question 8

what percentage of deaths is cancer responsible for in Canada?

Answer 8

30%

Question 9

on avg, how many canadians will be diagnosed with cancer every day?

Answer 9

500

Question 10

on avg, how many Canadians will die from cancer every day?

Answer 10

200

Question 11

What are the 4 most common types of cancer in Canada?

Answer 11

lung, breast, colorectal and prostate

account for 52% of all new cancer cases

Question 12

How many canadians are expected to develop cancer in their lifetime?

Answer 12

2 out of 5

Question 13

How many Canadians are expected to die from cancer?

Answer 13

1 out of 4

Question 14

what are the top four types of cancer in men in Canada?

Answer 14

Lung, colorectal, prostate, pancreas

Question 15

what are the top four types of cancer in women in Canada?

Answer 15

Lung, breast, colorectal, pancreas

Question 16

Name three examples of naming of benign tumours

Answer 16

lipoma, fibroma, angioma, adenoma, papilloma

*most of the time benign tumours have suffix “oma” with some exceptions that are malignant tumours

Question 17

Name two malignant tumours that use suffix “oma”

Answer 17

melanoma, lymphoma

Question 18

What is the naming of malignant tumours composed of mesenchymal cells?

Answer 18

sarcoma

Question 19

What is the naming of malignant tumours composed of epithelial cells?

Answer 19

carcinoma

Question 20

What does teratoma mean?

Answer 20

tumour consisting of two or more germ layers arising from mesenchymal cells (can be either benign or malignant)

Question 21

What does Choristoma mean

Answer 21

ectopic rest; a mass of histologically normal tissues in an abnormal location

Question 22

Hamartoma

Answer 22

disorganized normal tissue (benign); overgrowth or mature cells and tissues normally present in the affected part

Question 23

Features of Anaplastic cells

Answer 23

• variable size & shape
• variable nuclear size and shape
• hyperchromatic nuclei
• increased mitosis and atypical mitosis
• tumour giant cell