Module 5 Flashcards
Rubenistes
Philospophy that says color is most important,
Watteau
artist- Jean-Baptiste Greuze
title- The Father’s Curse
date- 1777
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- Enlightenment/ NeoClassicism
Poussineistes
Philospophy that says line most important
clear outline and modeling, sense of finish
Who embodied Absolutism
King Louis XIV
I am State
Palace of Versailles- centralization of power
artist- Giambattista Tiepolo
title- The Apotheosis of the Pisani Family
date- 1761-1762
medium- Ceiling Fresco
period style- Venetian
Return from Cythera
Watteau;s most famous picture- two version
1st- reception piece for his art school
- how to get approval and make living as artist
fete galante- gallant feast- category he made for himself- ambiguous
So succesful, king of Prussia had him make a second copy
artist-Jules Hardouin Mansart; Charles Le Brun
title- Palace at Versailles
date- 1669
period style- Absolutism
artist- Francois Boucher
title- Odalisque
date- 1745
medium- Oil on canvas
period style- Rococo
Enlightenment
Key 18th century idea- prepared Modern Age
Age of Reason
Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, D’Alembert, D’Holbach
opposed discrimination, slavery, abuse of power by Church and State, did public opinion
Concept of EQUALITY- all humans- end class distinction, birth right, priveleges
“Science”- knowledge finite- Encylopedia
belief in reason, law, human choise, human universe
artist- Antoine Watteau
title- Gilles (Pierrot)
date- 1721
medium- Oil on canvas
period style- Rococo
Fragonard
Last Great Rococo Painter
wanted to be history painter by French Academy= Great Priest Coresus- no money
Great Priest Coresus- shows its impossible to adopt classical themes to Rococo Art
“the SWING”- de Saint-Julien- privatized tax cillection- recieves the girl- legs- unkempt garden
French REvolution phase
Moderate Phase
Radical Phase
2nd moderate phase
Hogarth
Satirical humor filled with serious and moralizing afterthought
french fashion fads and false pretense of aristocracy
did prints and engravings- money from print
combination of waste and moral dispation
artist- William Hogarth
title- The Contract- Mariage a La Mode
date- 1745
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- English Enlightenment
Versailles Garden Designs
AndreLe Notre
symmetric pattern of trees and shrubs, trimmed
represent classical model for frnech- nature is deliberately manipulated- English- unkempt and Nature
sculptures referencing water
Radical Phase
Terror regime under leader Robespierre from Janaury 1793 to July 1794
from the beheadig of Louis XVI to beheading of Robespierre
Girodet-Trioson
Endymion
had to do a male nude- for anatomy- did a polihs
flawaless- unconcious and soft body admits vulnerability
Belley- slave than planatation owner of Haiti- spoke to have slavery disbanded and all slaves included with citenzenship
Ideas about childhood, child reariing, and education based on what
The Enlightenment
Veneice art 18th century
influenced by Absolutism
Venice- center of tourism, political decline
Art and architecture- new golden age
demand for decorative, luxurious- airy- ceiling paintings by patricians
artist- William Hogarth
title- Breakfast Scene- Mariage a La Mode
date- 1745
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- English Enlightenment
artist- Jean-Honore Fragonard
title- The Swing
date- 1766
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- Rpcoco
Canaletto
venetial painter- Vedute- panoramic city views of Venice
tied to rise in tourism- people doing the Grand Tour, take these back as souvenirs
one survives in Venetian Museums- Basin of San MArco
Ritalgo Brdige- shops b/c foot traffic, one of few examples, scenery not changed
business bad 1740s- went to London
Absolutism
divine right of monarcy
not accountable to anyone but God
created political and social conditions that made Revolution of 1789 possible
artist- Anne Louis GIrodet Trioson
title- Jean Baptiste Belley
date- 1797
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- NeoClassicism
Hycaninthe Rigaud
icon of Absolutism
Louis XIV painting-
aloofness- distance
Drouasis
David’s favorite student
Marius at Minturnae- claccial Davidian subject
Anceint Rome- Plutarch- Marius- expelled from Rome, survive assassination, install terror regime in Rome
2nd Moderate Phase
after JUly 1794
under the direcotry government
until 1799 when Bonaparte in power
artist- Jean-Germain Drouais
title- Marius at Minturnae
date- 1786
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- NeoClassicism
French Revolution dark side
in first instance caused massive bloodshed and destruction
thousands of innocent poeple killed
- aristocrats, royalisy sympathies, moderate revolutionaries, traitors, blasck market vendors, hoarders
coutnry besieged by enemies wanting the old order back
Reynolds
Britain backwater for homewgrown artsits until 1750’s
British Academy of Paitning created- Reynolds the President
portrait painter- Lord Heathfield
Chardin
Anti-Rococo art- serious subject and create morally uplifting art
genre paintings, portraits, still lifes
Rayfish- reception piece- imitate Flemish art
famous for still life paintings of children at play- Middle Class
genre painter
children- well behaved, introspective, responsible, withdrawn
1st Moderate Phase
1789- January 1793
srtorming of Bastille to execution of Louis XVI
Aufust 1792- monarchy abolished, Republic Declared
Hall of Mirrors- Versailles
most important component
Le Brun
Create St, Gobain who is still aroud today
practical function- where courtiers and petitioners address king durinf his wlak
David- Self Doubts after the Terror
Jacobins plot against Robespierre- ongoing purges
David professed allegiance to Robespierre day before the arrest of him- when Robespieere was killed, Daivd thrown in jail
David wants to be seen as artist, not politician again
comeback after Napoleon
The French Revolution
1789-1799
greatest historical turning points in West
turning point for art
all human born with equal rights- no class
NeoClassicism
disarray of public finances- Louis XVI- big support for American Civil War
Estate General called in
artist- Jean-Baptiste Greuze
title- The Punished Son
date- 1777
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- Enlightenment/NeoClassicism
Boucher
Rococo- painter to Madame Pompadour- who he taugh drawing- mistress to king XV
Cupid a Captive- rose colored erotica poaintings
Odalisque- female nude central subject
Enlightenment and French Academy understood that subjects make art, keep artist in business, but did not approve of content
Diderot- art critic- HATE Boucher- cater to lower interest
- Empowerment of middle Class * (Breakfast)
Estates General
Archaic even then- Middle Ages
First Estate- clery- .5 pop- 1/3 vote
Second Estate- nobility- 1 pop, 1/3
Third Estate- everyone else- 1/3
Greuze
based on Dutch Genre Art
The Village Bride- 700 pounds- unheard of at time
Moralizing intent fused with sentimental and tearful stories, situated in middle class
Speciality- bourgeois family dramas- divided in male and female halves (female- emotional, males- businesslike
Protestaant- civil marriage
strangers to be pose- based on expressiveneess of featuers- character heads
Prodigal Son
Jacques Louis David
his rome paintings are icons of new classical style
promote moral uplift by historical paintings, pompeii excavation,
artist- Jean-Baptiste Greuze
title- The Village Bride
date- 1761
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- Enlightenment/ NeoClassicism
Wright of Derby
paintings of Scientific experiments and natural wonders- enhanced with dramatic light effects like Caravaggio
theme of emotional intensity, human drama, intellectual curiosity, scientific pursiot of knowledge was a quest shared by all people, all ages, genders
empiricisms
Rococo
With the Enlightenment- (Little Shell)
shell shaped decoration everywhere
theater, fashion, painting, design
by Revolution, rejected as Aristrocratic
Watteau
Rococo Paitner- Fete Galante-
many itlian comedy reference- theater
Italian comedy- improv
Saint Germain Fair
typically english garden with lush and moist vegetation in background- grow freely- opposite of French Garden
disfavor in Revolution-
Rubienistes
Venetian Ceiling paitnings
Tiepolo and sons cornered market
Frescoes- celebrated virtues, wins of families
Spread to German speaking countries
Planace for Phillip von Frieffenklau- Sun King inspired- Apollo- 4 continents
artist- Ju.es Hardouin mansart;Charles Le Brun
title-Hall of Mirrors
date- 1680
period style- absolutism
Values of Revolition
freedom of opinion- no censorship
declared human rights- life, relgioin, property
proetection from arbitrary arrest
equality before the law
merit and skill decine one’s station- not privilege
abolition of monarchy- republican political order
separation of religion and state
Fairground Culture in 18th century
St, Germain Fairgound
recurring attraction- wooden booths with sideshows, dancers, trianed animals- circus- and illegal gambling and prostitution
home to hostel of flemings
theater performances inspired art
inspired ANtoine Watteau with Italian Comedy
Rococo Interior Design
growth in luxury consumption in Paris
octagonal room- decorated programs customized specifically for one building
contrasts of white and gold
mirrors galore
extensive ornamentation and rocaille shell deisgn
Start of Regency Period
Death of Louis XIV
All kids dead or too young- Duke of Orleans, or the regent, was in charge
interested in new ideas, technolgies, and enjoyment of life
Third Estate
declared itself the National Assembly
venue in tennis court- oath that is initial trigger for Revolution
oathed to not disband unitl new constituion drafted and France is free
on streets of Paris- mob gathered and stormed the Bastille and killed the gaurds
artist- Jean-Baptsite Simeon Chardin
title- Boy Blowing Bubbles
date- 1735
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- Enlightenment/ Neoclassicism
Duke of Orleans (regency) ideals
enjoyment of life
pleasure seeking
turning point for new ideas and mentalities
notion for individualism, pursuit of happiness invented
Gainsborough
portrait painter from England
double portrait- hunting- privelege for aristocracy
false impression that Andrews was a long established landowning couple (old-money)
themes of ownership
Johann Heinrich Wincklemann
fathers of art historu
German Librarian who lived in Rome- wrote book about classical aret and architecture
idea that art developed in cycles from archaicism, perfection, decline
themes derived from classical can criticize contemporary political conditions
artist- Francois Boucher
title- The Breakfast
date- 1739
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- Rococo
Louis (absolutism) ideals
self discipline
self sacrifice
denial of interest for good of state (king)
seen as classical age
artist- Giambattista Tiepolo and sons
title- Grand Staircasr with Apollo and the Four Continents
date- 1750-1752
medium- Ceiling Fresco
period style- Venetian
artist- Jacques Louis David
title- Self-Portrait
date- 1794
medium- Oil on canvas
period style- NeoClassicism
artist- Sir Joshua Reynolds
title- Lord Heathfield
date- 1787
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- England Enlightenment
artist- Antoine Watteau
title- L’Indifferent
date- 1716
medium- oil on canvas
period style- Rococo- Fete Galante
artist- Antonio Canaletto
title- Piazza San Marco with the Basilica
date- 1730
medium- oil on cavas
period style- Venetian
artist- Hyacinthe Rigaud
title- Louis XIV
date- 1701
medium- oil on canvas
period style- Absolutism
artist- Jean-Baptiste- Simeon Chardin
title- The Rayfish
date- 1727
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- Enlightenment/Neoclassicism
Regency Period
Nobles in Paris- town houses
pleasure, sensuality, indulgence, fashionable
fine arts more important
Stock market speculation- John Law- Louisiana Territory
David- Beginnig of French Revolution
became chronicler of contemporary political events
politics is fast but painting is slow
started his martyr series
artist- Anne Louis Girodet Trioson
title- The Sleep of Endymion
date- 1791
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- NeoClassicism
Palace of Versailles
Louis XIV
nobles attracted
servant to king
Hardouin Mansart and Le Brun
mix of classical systlitic with French models
garden fasacede
100,000 poeple
NeoClassicism
art style of Enlightenment
Jacques-Louis David and his students
artist- Jacques-Louis David
title- The Oath of the Horatii
date- 1784
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- English Enlightenment
artist- Jacques-Louis David
title- The Death of Marat
date- 1793
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- NeoClassicism
artist- German Boffrand
title- Salon de la Princesse, Hotel de Soubise
date- 1737-1740
period style- Regent
Roots of NeoClassicism
Jacques Louis David- politician and artist- close to Robespierre inner circle- Jacobin CLub
voted for death of king- French Revolutionary Parliament
one of regicides- king killers- narrow margin
celebrated virtues of self sacrifice, idealism, republican virutes- highly moralizing
artist- Joseph Wright of Derby
title- A philosopher is GIving a Lecture at the Orrery
date- 1763-1764
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- English Enlightement
artist- Thomas Gainsborough
title- Mr. and Mrs. Andrews
date- 1750
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- English Enlightenment
artist- Antoine Watteau
title- Return from Cythera
date- 1717
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- Rococo
What was Louisiana named after
Louis XIV
artist- Jacques-Louis David
title- The Oath of the Tennis Court
date- 1791
medium- Graphite, Pen, Sepia Wash Heightened with White on Paper
period style- NeoClassicism
The Death of Marat
new that its depicting a contemporary event
propogranda- heroicize new martyr
shift from christian martyr to political martyr
Marat- publisher
piete- pose
Marat dictator for everyone but his followers but painting makes him charitable and compassionate
artist- Jacques-Louis David
title- The Lictors returning to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons
date- 1789
medium- Oil on Canvas
period style- Neoclassicism
David
NeoClassical- Oath of Horatii
large canvas- 5 years before Revolution
example as revival of husitory painting- new Nicolas Poussin
modeled after 17th century play - Horatii
conflict of interest and moral dilemna
what has priority- state or family- for him, law comes first
male vs female space- women golden light- purity
