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Art > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q
A

artist- Michelangelo Buonarroti
title- BOund slave
date-1513-1516
medium- Marble

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2
Q

Avant garde arsits

A

works of art in terms of formal ocntent and apreciated the visual form
not how used orignally or significance of respective cultures

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3
Q

fashion

A

conventions and changes in taste

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4
Q

what does iconography ask

A

what meaning and content does a given subject, form,l or symbol convey

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5
Q

Space

A

area around, within, or between images or elements (negatie space), or illsion of space

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6
Q

hot worked glass

A

blowing gas at the end of hollowed metal rod

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7
Q

Tempera paint

A

egg tempera- beahves like watercolor
pioneered by flemish painters (northern belgium)
as old as encaustic technique

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8
Q

Artistic influences

A

historical, cultural, or personal events that influence a work of art, artist, or stlyr

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9
Q

disegno

A

design- drawing be an end in themselves

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10
Q

two major types of printing processes

A

relief and intaglio

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11
Q

Rembrandt Self portraits

A

GOlden Age of Dutch Paitning
1628- just starting off
1634- pride (becoming famous, marrying above a social class- success in private and professional life, happy, touch of carelessness
1635-1636- happy with wife and content
1640- triumph- international reputation, wife is pregnant with 3rd child, rich, about to do biggest comision- rich dress
1655- disillusionment, sadness, disqieutude- no longer use studio, wife died, mistress found guily py protestant community for prostitution, bankrputcy, sell of belongings, life in poverty rest of life, now sense of fear
1669- resignation- most family is dead, lives alone, poor, no incokme, few moths will be dead, all vanity is gone, no more social status

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12
Q

verso

A

back of painting
showing stretcher, canvas, inscriptions
(signature, title, date) labels

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13
Q

Examples of Institutional context

A

Palace of Versailles in France- monument concieved to symbolize absolute power of French king louis XIV

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14
Q

subtractive sculpture

A

media like stone, wood, ivory
big block that gets chiseled away to form sculpture

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15
Q

color theory in painting

A

late 19th century
Georges Seurat
complementary colors in close proximity to one another to enhance colorful effect

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16
Q

types of lines

A

actual
implied
vertical
horizontal
diagonal
contour lines

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17
Q

tempera paint ingredients

A

powdered pigment
binder is egg yolk
thinner is water

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18
Q

Collage

A

coller- to glue
can be cut and glued on pieces of paper or other supports to create newly assembled composition
early 20th century- Cubist painters and Dada artist

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19
Q
A

artist- Thomas Gainsborough
title- The Blue Boy
date- 1770
medium- oil on canvas CA

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20
Q

hues

A

color of spectrum

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21
Q
A

artist- Faiyum (Egypt) CA
title- Mummy portrait of a Man
date- 160-170 AD
medium- Encaustic painting on wood

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22
Q

what are Yoshihara’s circle inspired by

A

Satori- enlightenment of Zen and pursuit of form for its own sake
notion of Wabi-Sabi- acceptence of life and worls as imperfect, transcient state
no two circle by Yoshihara are alike

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23
Q

WHat does social context ask

A

did this work of art make a political statement

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24
Q

Interior Design and furniture

A

Rococo Style in 18th century France and discovery of identity throguh it

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25
Q

Elements of art

A

Line
shape
form
value
color
space
texture

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26
Q

Scale

A

relationship in size or number between objects or elements in a work of art including the relation between parts of a while, luke proportions of the parts of the body

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27
Q

Emotional or subjective contexts

A

art as a relection of inner emotional states
expressionist

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28
Q

what does aesthetics ask

A

what is general definition of art
what is its purpose
what is beauty
does art serve a function or is art for art’s sake enough

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29
Q

Modernity

A

civilization aspect of modern experience- scientific discoveries, technological advancement, railroad, industrializtion, mechanism, urbanization, rationalism

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30
Q

Fresco (Fresco Secco)

A

Popular in America because of Mexican Muralist- depression era- working class ijmagery- communicm

dry fresco- painted on dried plaster walls

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31
Q

Paintings types

A

oil
fresco
tempera
watercolor
encaustic (hot wax)
acrylics

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32
Q

lithography and photography

A

19th century as commercial processes- used to illustrate books, newspapers, periodicals, and other not considered high art
litho- 180s, photo- 1830

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33
Q

MOdernism

A

cultureal aspect of modern experience expressed mainl in art and literature
individuality, alienation, psycholpgoca lstatesm dandysim, introspection

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34
Q

Mosaics

A

small pieces of color glass, stone, or ceramic tile called tessera that are embedded in a bed like mortar or plaster.
can be combined to create complex images
on walls and floors- used since days of ancient Greece
found in early Christian Churches

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35
Q

Value

A

degree of light and dark used in a work of art
contract between black, white, and all tones in between
can be implemented using color, or black and white

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36
Q

Drawings

A

traditionally taught to draw before anything elsew

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37
Q

formal analysis works best on what

A

abstract work

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38
Q

Example of social context

A

EL Lissitzky’s Beat the Whites with the REd Wedge was meaningful only in the context of the RUssian October and REvolutio nand it spromostion of radical left-wing ideas

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39
Q

what sets us apart from other animals

A

universal urge to create
ability to act in planned manner

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40
Q

spatial context

A

relationships of scale, site-specific or non site-specific art

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41
Q

all paint consists of two or three ingredients

A

basic substance (powdered pigment)
binder
thinner (watercolor and gouache not need)

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42
Q

approaches of analyzing art

A

materiality of art
art history
aesthetics
iconography
artistic influences

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43
Q

hierarchy of genres

A

history painting on top
portraiture, landsacpe, and still life on botom

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44
Q

form

A

described how the elements and principles of composition (line, shape, color, value) work together independently of the work’s content

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45
Q

Art Deco

A

characterized by angular shapes and dark colors
celebrated dynamism of machine age and was prevalent during 1920’s and 1930s (especially in US and France)

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46
Q

Graphic Design

A

traditionally poster designs, book layouts, and any type of advertisement and traditionally print-based media
COmputer- based designs, designs of any web site, app, etc. also fall here
not originally seen as art, ability to comminicate powerful or complex messages through visual langiage became important 1900s

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47
Q

cold worked glass

A

cutting, sanding, sanblasting, etch8ing, or incising patterns and forms through carving wheel

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48
Q

complementary colors

A

organe/blue
red/green
violet/yellow

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49
Q

Fabrics

A

Islam- prohibits figurative rendering so patterns in carpets and architecture prevail

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50
Q

gouache

A

opagque water color

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51
Q

Visual or Fine Arts

A

painting, sculputre, printmaking, focus of class

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52
Q

formal analysis

A

looks only at the visual/formal elements of a work of art and how they fit together

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53
Q

Performance Art

A

like sculpture only purpose is to destroy itself- only photographs survive

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54
Q

Balance

A

distribution of visual weight of object, color, texture, and space to make design feel stable
symmetrical, asymmetrical, radial balance

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55
Q

first art critics

A

Newspapers age of enlightnement- Kouis Michael Van Loo- Neis diderot

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56
Q

variety

A

using different elements in an image to create visual and/or guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art

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57
Q

asymmetrical balance

A

one side contains more elements than the other

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58
Q

secondary colors

A

by mixing primary colors
green, violet, orange

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59
Q

Mordernism

A

Latin- Modo
dwarves sitting on shoulder of giants- huge respect for the ancients
1800s- no longer appreciate the ancients

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60
Q
A

artist-
title- Euphronios Krater
date- 515 BC
medium- red figure painting on Ceramics Krater

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61
Q
A

artist- Dale Chihuly
title- Royal Botanical Gardens
date- 2005
medium- blown glass

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62
Q

Emotional Context

A

describes the state of mind of the artist or allude to some of the personal evetns taking place in the artist’s life
Rembrandt

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63
Q
A

artist- Fra Filippo Lippi
title- Madonna and Child- CA
date- 1440-1145
medium-tempera on board

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64
Q

emphasis

A

special priority given to one part of a work (dark shape in light composition)
can be achieved through placemenrt, contrast, color, size, repetition, and contributes to the focal point

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65
Q

watercolor ingredients

A

powdered pigment
binder- gum arabic
thinner- water

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66
Q
A
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67
Q
A

artist- Giotto Di Bondone, Arena Chapel Padua CA 1305
title- Lamentation
date- 1305
medium- Fresco

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68
Q

industrial Design

A

Coca-Cola bottles, Boeing airplanes, cars, computers
outer design needs to fit function
aesthetic roots is functionalism- form allows function

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69
Q

what does materiality of art ask

A

how do the materials, tools, and techniques used to create a work of art inform its meaning

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70
Q
A

artist- Bamana people, Mali
title- Antelope Headgear of the Bamana People
date- 20th century
medium- wood

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71
Q

symmetrical balance

A

elements used on each side are equally balanced

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72
Q

lithography

A

uses litho crayons on fine-grained bavarian limestone. Gum arabic and acid serve as fixative.
Applies design directly onto stone with crayons
stone then wetted and ink applied which repels the water in blank areas
print drawings

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73
Q

what does emotional or subjective contexts ask

A

does this work of art serve as an autobiographical statement of the artist’s experience

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74
Q

what does drawing allow someone to do

A

collect and record ideas
try out proportions
visualize ideas

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75
Q

Aesthetics

A

sub discipline of philosphoy concerned with nature of how we process and assess what we perceive
tried to define nature of beauty

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76
Q

Impasto

A

Italian expression meaining thick application of paint
creates texture
diaphanous paint- opposite of oil glazes
relief-like, 3D quality of paint that sits on the surface

77
Q

THe Arts

A

comprehensive term describing creative activities, including (not limited to) music, theater, writing, movie making

78
Q

textrue

A

surface quality of an object that can be sensed through touch or are conved visually in 2D

79
Q

Landscape architecture

A

traced back to Ancient Babylonia- first millenium before Chrsit
political statement

80
Q
A

artist- Antonella Da Messina
title- Martyrdom of St. Sebastian CA
date- 1475-1477
medium- oil on wood

81
Q

Examples of Emotional or subjective contexts

A

Edward Munch’s THe Scream- relects how the artist felt isolation from the rest of society

82
Q

Art history asks what

A

when and where was the work of art created- who commissioned the art

83
Q
A

artist- Albrecht Durer
title- THe knight, death, and the devil
date- 1513
medium- engraving

84
Q
A

artist- Ngil Secret Society, Gabon
title- Fang Mask
date- 19th centruy
medium- wood painted with Kaolin

85
Q

value (in color)

A

hue’s lightness or darkness
(amou t of black or white added)

86
Q

Economic context

A

production of art is also affected by economic consideration

87
Q

Rhythm/movement

A

use of recurring elements to direct the eye through the image
way the elements are organized to lead the eye to the focal are
can be directed(along edges of form by means of shape and/or color)

88
Q
A

artist- Romare Bearden
title- Rocket to the moon
date-1971
medium- collage on board

89
Q

Color perception

A

wavelength of white light as it hits the surface of an object and it refracted
Isaac Newton

90
Q

Principles of Design

A

pattern
contrast
emphasis
balance
scale
harmony
rhythm/movement
unity
variety

91
Q

Lost wax-casting method

A

cast metal- bronze, iron, are result (silver and gold can also be used)
3D positive figure is modelled in wax or similar materials
wac figure immersed in clay investment mold
firing the clay, wax melts and flow ut of mold, end of firing process, one obtains negative form reafy to recieve molten bronze to cast positive figure
Kkown in Ancient greece- popular 1800 France with industrial porduction methods ]
NIgeria also used it

92
Q

Plein air painting

A

painting in open, painting in nature
Charles Francois Daubigny

93
Q
A

artist-
title- Portland Vase
date- 1st century AD
medium- Blown and cut glass (Roman Cameo)

94
Q

Acrylics

A

relatively recent invention (second half 20th century)
pigments suspendend in acrylic polmyer medium
dries fast
high degree of color intensity

95
Q

what does economic context ask

A

who paid for this artwork or architectural strucute
was it comissioned by patron or donor
was it part of larger commercial art market
how has the value of work of art changed over time

96
Q

Brancusi- New Born

A

round face of baby crying
emphasis on recognizable reality- meaning that is being conveyed
search for narratives
association of birth- renewal, circle of life, vitality, celebration of humanity
was humanitarian

97
Q
A

artist- Albrecht Durer
title- The Great piece of turf
date-1503
medium- Watercolor

98
Q

pioneer of watercolor

A

Albrecht Durer- Renaissance

99
Q

Harmony

A

the arrangement of elements to give the viewer the feeling that all parts of the work form a coherent whole

100
Q

when was pastels popular

A

18th century Rococo art- soft touch and muted colors
Impressionalist- ability to capture coorful impressions quicly and spontaneousl

101
Q

academicisim

A

doctrine dervied by French Academy engrained conversatism

102
Q

Line

A

mark on a surface that describes a shape or outline
can be used to create texture with thick or thin lines
types of line- actual, implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal, contour lines

103
Q

What is Fresco best used for

A

large wall spacfes

104
Q

Fresco painting (Buon Fresco)

A

sine ancient times (egyptian tombs)
comes from italian word fresh- MUST be painted on fresh, wet plater
issues over time with degradation- requires restoration
color pigments diluted in water and applied to freshly plasted wall whre pigments soak deep into plaster
rapid execution, owrk in segment

105
Q

oil

A

first used in 15th century (renaissance)
Flemish Painter- Jan Van Eych first to do it
Italians perfected it
Texture of canvas and consistency of paint can greatly influence character of a painting

106
Q

cool colors

A

blue, purple, green
recede backwards on picture plane

107
Q
A

artist- Chruch of San Vitale, Ravenna
title- Mosaic of EMpress Theodora and Attendants
date- 547
medium- Mosaic

108
Q

fresco paint ingredients (Buon Fresco)

A

powdered pigment
binder- line in PLASTER
thinner is water

109
Q

Universal themes for creating art

A

relationship between man and nature
religion
sexual drive and sexuality
display of power and authority
demarcation of hierchies and social rank
capturing greatness of human existence
vanity of artist or art patron- technical prowress of maker
pursiot of uhman perfection/beauty
create record and tell narrative in absence of written language
interrelation of above

110
Q

Intensity

A

quality of brightness and purity of color
(vivid vs. muted)

111
Q

Pastel Drawings

A

chalk-like, friable (easily crumbled), requires colors paper to make use of visual effects
must be fixed by some sort of sticking spray to prevent pigment from detacthing
imposswible to correc tor alter drawig later on

112
Q

Intaglio processes

A

opposite of relief
crevices in plate (engraved or etched with acid) hold the ink.
after cutting design of plate, its covered with ink, wiped until no ink left on surfae and only crevices hold it

113
Q

what made plein air painting possible

A

invenion of thin tubes mid 19th century
previously artist made their own, hard to work outside studio

114
Q

Avant Garde

A

art as agent for change in society
all th eism (cubism, realism, dadism,)
needs to be radical, revolutuionry, ahead of its time

115
Q

engraving vs etching

A

engraving- cutting tool- burin- used to engrave the design into the plate
etching- metal plate covered with cotaing- design scaped into cotating without cutting into the plate- acid bath

116
Q

materiality of art

A

choice of artistic medium

117
Q

Warm colors

A

red, orange, yellow
advance forward on picture plane

118
Q

contrast

A

juxtaposition of different elements of design (rough and smooth textures, dark and light values) to highlight their differences, creates visual interest, or a focal point

119
Q

Art history

A

academic discipline concerned with historical contexts of works of art

120
Q

art requires inter-discinplinary thinking including

A

art, history, literautre, geography,political events, ecomonics/finance, social shifts, intellectural history/history of ideas (evolution of science), technological innovations

121
Q

17000s artist way to fame

A

measured by ability to render a person naturalistically

122
Q

categories of shapes

A

geometric and organic

123
Q

untrained artist

A

naieve, not negative, highly appreciated

124
Q

Style

A

refers to formal qualities of a work of art that can be typcially associated with historial period and/or a specific region

125
Q
A

artist- Tabriz
title- The Ardabil Carpet
date- 1540
medium- wool pile on silk warps and wefts

126
Q

hue

A

actual color (blue, green, red)

127
Q

print makers

A

prints in differnt states as it falls in disrepair
dollar bills

128
Q

Venice problem with frescoes

A

salinity and humidity in air due to Adriatic lagoon setting- rapid deterioration of frescoes

129
Q

video art

A

tv and movies
computers, software, internet, iphones, etc.

130
Q
A

artist- Jan Van Eyck
title- Madonna and Child with the Chancellor Rolin CA
date-1433-1434
medium- oil and tempera on panel

131
Q

line

A

extension of of the dot- indicate motion, boundaries of shapes and space, imply volume of solid masses
delinieation of form- contour in faces
create tonal variations- shaidng, hatching, cross hatching

132
Q

ancient times

A

ancient, classical, pleasing and inoffensive, tradition, othordoxy, routine, decadence

133
Q

art movements

A

typically formed consiously by aritst who share a similar styles, goals, or ideology

134
Q

oil ingredients

A

powdered pigment
binder- linseed oil
thinner= turpentine (sap from pine tree)

135
Q

what is ingredients for encaustic

A

powdered pigment
binder is beeswax
thinner is heat

136
Q

Encaustic

A

hot wax painting
used since ancient times (mummy portriats and Ancient egypt)

137
Q
A

artist- Ettore Sottsass
title- Beverly from the Memphis COllection
date- 1981
medium- wooden sideboard covered with plastic laminate

138
Q

WWII artist types

A

abstradct or conceptual idion

139
Q

Architecture

A

images of completed buildings and drawings of its ground plan, elecation, section, and perspective renderings

140
Q

Modern

A

meant to be offensive, new, cuvist, freedom of expression, origniality, novelty, progress

141
Q

Additive sculpture

A

media like clay, bronze, plaster, wax
makes mold of something that is then used

142
Q

Abstract art

A

getting rid of figurative content- devoid of any recognizable content

143
Q
A

artist- Yves Saint-Laurent
title- Mondrian Day Dress
date-1965
medium- Wool Jersey in color blocks of white, red, blue, black, and yellow

144
Q

Medium of art

A

drawing
painting
collage
printmaking
photography
sculpture
cermaics
fabric
architecture
graphic design
performance art
digital art
fashion

145
Q

Blue Boy- Thomas Gainsborough scandal

A

pitched against president of royal academy- Joshua Reynolds
warm colors should be in front and col colors in back
Blue boy did opposite

146
Q

radial balance

A

elemetns are arranged around a central point

147
Q

primary colors

A

red, yellow, and blue

148
Q

media

A

pen
pencil
ink
watercolor
gouache
charcoal
pastel

149
Q

WHat does Spatial contesxt ask

A

where is work of art locat4d
does surrounding space impact its viewing experience

150
Q

Shape

A

shape is 2D line with no form or thickness
flat and grouped in two categories_ geomtetric or organic

151
Q

Prints

A

artist create identical reproduction of the same image
distinct from orignal works of art

152
Q

instituional context

A

art is affected by the institutions that paird for or controlled its production- like temples, churches, art academies, museums

153
Q

relif processes

A

printing occurs within the raised parts of the plate or those parts that habe not been cut away
linoleum cuts or woodcuts

154
Q

Different contexts to view work of art

A

spatial context
social context
emotional or subjective context
institutional context
economic context

155
Q

Color

A

made up of three properties- hue, value, and intensity

156
Q

Pattern

A

regular arrangement of alternated or repeated elements (shapes, lines, colors) or motifs

157
Q

recto

A

front of painting

158
Q

what does artistic influences adk

A

how can knowledge of an artist;s biography enhance our understand of a work of art
what previously created artworks or ideas are ferended by a new work

159
Q

unity

A

all parts of an image work together harmoniously to be seen as a whole or convey a sense of completeness

160
Q
A

artist- Leonardo Da Vinci
title- Man Tricked by Gypsies, CA
date- 1493
medium- Pen and ink drawing

161
Q

Oil and Canvas combined

A

Antonella credited with introducing mixed oil technique to Italy
Native of Siciliy, learned Flemish techniques
Cradle of oil on canvas technique

162
Q

Digital Art

A

graphic designers today
can exist as an intallation on a computer as holograms in air as software
a lot will vanish

163
Q

Form

A

3D object having volume or thickness
can be an actual 3D form or illusion of form implied with use of light

164
Q

Iconography

A

visual content and menaing encountered in a work and how they are supposed to be interpretated

165
Q

what does institutional constext ask

A

what intitutional values does this work of art relfect

166
Q

gouache ingredients

A

powdered pigment
binder= gum arabic
thinner= water
add chalk dust

167
Q
A

artist-
title- Funeral Mask from the Royal Tombs of Mycenae
date- 1500 BCE
medium- beaten gold

168
Q

art

A

form of communication- which uses a visual voabularyo

169
Q

Sculpture

A

two approaches- subtractive and additive

170
Q

example of economic context

A

Andy Warhol’s Coca Cola bottles- prime representative of pop art- commented on economic forces that mass-consumerism has unleashed after WWII

171
Q

Art periods

A

typically based on historal eras within a particular geographic region or culture

172
Q

Picasso

A

big influence from African Masks

173
Q

glass

A

molten sand to which additives (cobalt or cadmium) are added for color.
Hot worked and cold worked
glass blowing invented in ancient Phoenicia

174
Q

Antelope headgar of Bama people

A

agricultural ceremonies- dance imitating antelopes as tribute to part antelope part human diety who introduced agriculture to bama people.
male and female dancers- headgear different
kind of fertility cult

175
Q

when did drawing skills become the cornerstone of artistic practice

A

REnaissance

176
Q

photography

A

initially unique inmages on silvery background- daguerroeotypes
mid 1800, negative process used to allow unlimited number of identical (positive) prints or reporductions to be pulled from negative.

177
Q

multiples

A

artworks that exist in multiple, identical copies, executed in media that lend themselves to reproductions
Cast sculptiures, prints, photographs, etc.
limited edition size
EA- for artist, HC- not for sale

178
Q

glazes

A

thin, transparaent layers of paint that are built up on the surface of a painting
jewel-like surface quality
extremely smooth surface
time-consuming
Flemish tradition (Jan Van Eyck)

179
Q

iconography way of understanding art

A

who was the artist, who is person in painting, what event is going on

180
Q

Social contect

A

art can serve as a rhetorical or propoganda vehicle
art is meant to convince or as an agent of change

181
Q
A

artist- Dieter rams
title- Braun’s Snow White Coffin
date- 1956/1963
medium- Radio and Record player

182
Q

Example of spatial context

A

Hollywood sign is meaningful for its place- Hollywood Hills of LA

183
Q

objective of class

A

lend voice to work of art, make it speak by learning a visual vocabulary in oder to determine it

184
Q

Ceramics

A

long history of thousands of years
simple storage vessles in beginnning and became more elaborate over time

185
Q

Repousse or Beaten metal method

A

gold- often worked as think layers of metals, using hammers and toold
ancient origins- ancient Greece

186
Q

Genesis of Modernism

A

1860s and 1870s with impressionism in France
Consumer culture, more leisure time, Paris emerged as Great Modern Metropilis

187
Q

tapestry

A

hung from wall- insulation from cold temperature before heating system invented
found in castles
images woven together after designs of famout art works
French King Louis XIV established royal tapetry works at GObelin

188
Q

common types of support for paint

A

canvas
wood
board
copper
paper

189
Q

Prepatory drawings

A

work out composition, form, or other elements- normally finished on different medium

studies of figures, objects, or landscapes

Art (5 decks)

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