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Art > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Proto Renaissance

A

describes art of previous two centuries that anticipate the coming of Renaissance

Development of Western art from classical antiquity to midevial period to return to classical art

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2
Q

Classical Antiquity date

A

600 BC - 400 AD

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3
Q

Middle Ages date

A

400 - 1400 AD

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4
Q

The Renaissance date

A

1400 - 1600 AD

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5
Q

Italy in 13th -14th century

A

Independent city states
idea of civic pride ran strong for each city state
centers of increasing prosperity
centers of humanistic learning

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6
Q

Italo Byzantine

A

Late antiquity- Rome split to Western (Rome) and Eastern (Byzantine)

refugees from iconoclastic controversy in east introduced Italo Byzantine style

flat, gold background; heavy use of line, somewhat unnatural representation of figures and space

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7
Q

Italo Byzantine Artists

A

Cimabue
Giotto
Duccio
Martini
Lorenzetti

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8
Q

Cimabue

A

transitional figure from Italo-Byzantine style to Proto-Renaissance style
Madonna enthroned w Angels and Prophets

flat, gilded space
3D implied at throne; attemps at naturalism and realistic depiction of form and space

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9
Q

Giotto

A

Rise of Naturalism
GRANDFATHER of Renaissance for his more naturalistic and humanistic representation
trained by Cimabue

still Italo-Byzantine style, more 3D sense
Arena Chapel

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10
Q

Giotto’s Arena Chapel

A

represent Giotto’s culmination of his advancement in both naturalism and humanist themes

True Fresco- 38 pictures- life of Mary and Christ
Natural blue sky- normally gold
Imitiation marble veneer- from Rome
Lamentation Fresco-
-more naturalism- individualized facial expressions and asymmetrical comp.

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11
Q

Art in Siena

A

Wealthy bc of silk tade
stronghold of Artistic traditionalism
considered ideal city- centered around civil monument

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12
Q

Duccio

A

Sienese artist of Proto- Renaissance
Maesta ALterpiece
-conservative Sienese style roted in Italo-Byzantine tradition
13ft. altar piece- Mary surrounded by Saints, religious with Civic, less naturalism- gold background, crowded

Betrayal of Jesus- emotions expressed, landscape naturalistic, classic drapery

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13
Q

Martini

A

International Style
Pupil of Duccio- contact with French Art
Absorved French Gothic style- tracry of frame, use of brilliant colors, lavish costumes, intricate ornaments

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14
Q

Lorenzetti

A

large fresco- effect of good gov’t in city and country
-allegorixal representation of good gov’t should promote- peace, prosperity, and virturous civic life
- work of propoganda (comissioned by city gov’t)

embrace secular themes and interest in depicting nature show impeding

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15
Q

Middle Ages Art feel

A

accumulation of riches in beyond to avoid hardship of purgatory and hell created anti-materialist attitude

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16
Q

Renaissance art feel

A

celebrated, classical texts, wordly accomplishments, and enjoyment of finer things

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17
Q

REnaissance interest

A

renewed one of pagan authors of Classical Antiquity
Plato, Socrates, Aristotle, Ovid
Teaching not always approved by Christian Church

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18
Q

Renaissance Invention

A

Printing Press- movable type- Johannes Gutenberg, 1445

easier spread of ideas across Europe
Dante’s Divine Comedy published in local vernacular

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19
Q

Humanistic mindset

A

promote investment in here and how by epousing civic pride and responsibility to one’s city
also fame, honor, wordly accomplishments, and accumulation of weath

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20
Q

new art patrons

A

wealthy merchantsd and ind. engaged in mercenaries
allowed for arts to flourish outside of patronage of Church
Most influential ones were Medici Family of Florence- wealthy through banking- art center of Italy

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21
Q

Renaissance artist

A

Bruneleschi
Donatello
Michelangelo
Davinci
Raphael

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22
Q

Fabriano

A

Early Renaissance- international Style
Adoration of the Magi

Gothic tracery of patterns and visual splendor
inclusion of Chivalry (horse) of French
Illustrate Foreshortening
continue interest in naturalism, add depth through visual contraction

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23
Q

Masaccio

A

Master of Florence Painting
continued earlier steps of Naturalism
fully mature single point perspective and Chiaroscuro (light and shadow)

Tribue money
Expulsion of Adam and Eve
Holy Trinity

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24
Q

Tribute Money

A

Masaccio
tax collector from contrapasto
3 dif. movements of time
atmospheric perspective- illusion of space
linear perspective
dif. people having dif. reactions
foreshortened halos
classical drapery

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25
Q

Expulsion of Adam and Eve

A

Masaccio
nude bodies modeled after Classical Greek

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26
Q

Holy Trinity

A

Masaccio
use of accurate single point perspective
architectural frame showing ionic and corinthian columns

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27
Q

Fra Angelico

A

The Florentine Friar Painter
Monasteries- social and religious import
Friar and painter at Sam Marco Monastery in Florence
Annunciation

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28
Q

Castagno

A

Florentine painter
used perspective
Last Supper

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29
Q

Last Supper

A

Castagno
comissioned from dining hall of monastery Sant’Apollonia
new development- psychological introspection of drama- each Apostle have own expression
inspired by Classical- colorful
Near Eastern Chimera

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30
Q

Perugino

A

Fresco- Christ delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to St. Peter

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31
Q

Christ delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to St. Peter

A

culmination of single-point perspective
founding myth of Vatican
triumphal arches (Arch of COnstantine)
comissioned by Pope Sixtus IV

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32
Q

Mantegna

A

use of extreme foreshortening of human body to achieve 3D
Room for Newlyweds fresco
Dead Christ painting

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33
Q

Room for Newlyweds

A

Mantegna- Fresco
comissioned by ruler of Mantua- Gonzaga for wedding
Mantuan court life with group, duke’s family, and himself
roman wall paintings of Pompeii

oculus- eye to sky- ceiling
di sotto in su (seen from below)

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34
Q

Dead Christ

A

Mantagna- painting
foreshortenting- staring at feet
precedence over message of Redemption

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35
Q

Savonarola

A

during time a monk (savonarola) condemned hedonism of Renaissance as heretic and return to Christian balues= outsted Medicis

Renaissance artist lost most important patron
Italy put more emphasis on ideas of sin and repentace

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36
Q

Signorelli

A

Damned Cast into Hell fresco
Savonarola’s effect on art

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37
Q

Wool Merchant Guild of Florence competition

A

find sculptor for east doors of Florence baptistery

two finalist- Brunelleschi and Ghiberti

story of Isaac, Gothic= Quatrefoil

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38
Q

Bruneschelli- competition

A

angel coming out and stopping the hand
violence is present
distorted
“scary”

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39
Q

Ghiberti- competition

A

drama
classical canon of male nude
muscalutture anatomy of body
comp is 3D, animated, wind-swept

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40
Q

Bruneschelli

A

went to architecture
built dome of Florence Cathedral

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41
Q

Banco

A

comission to fill niches of sculpture’s guild
Four Crowned Saints

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42
Q

Four Crowned Saints

A

represent CHristian sculptors who lived at time of Emperor Diocletian- refuse to sculpt images of emperor and executed
classical, free-standing figure- not engage in wall
classical drapery, proportions, unique physiognomy
advertisement for sculptor’s guild

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43
Q

Donatello

A

Revival of Classical Nude
also create sculpture for niches of the guild- Or San Michele
finanaced by linen drapers guild
St. Mark
David

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44
Q

St. Mark

A

first completely free-standing sculpture on building since CLassical antiquity
bends knee in contrapposto
more life-like (Kritios)

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45
Q

David- Donatello

A

first free standing classical nude figure since antiquity
reinvigorate proportions canon and contrapposto
Daid, Goliath slayer
symbolic for republic of FLorence
commissioned by Medici
David- introspective, quiet, classical, looking towards head (down) in humility

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46
Q

David- Verrocchio

A

not nude but contours of body visible
David is brash, confident, self-assertive, gaze directed to spectator, more mature

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47
Q

Dome of Florence Cathedral

A

Brunelleschi created it
Giotto Bondone- painter- designed the bell tower
build dome composed of ogival (pointed arch) sections with ribs for internal reinforcement
thin, double shell for reducing pressure on base
compression ring inserted on base

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48
Q

Medici Palace

A

coming back after being ousted by Savonarola’s campaing, more careful about wealth flounting
Michelozzo Bartolommeo took over project
hyprid structure of palace and fortress
facade- heavily rusticated, adorned with increasingly refined structure going up- heavy cornice
inner courtyard light and airy- corinthian

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49
Q

Alberti

A

Architect and Mathematician
deisgner, builder, translator and commentator on Vitruvius’ texts on architecture
Church of Santa Maria Novella facade
west facade of church of Sant’Andrea in Mantua

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50
Q

Facade for Santa Maria Novella

A

Alberti
marble patter completely symmetrical, sense of rythym
designed according to mathematical ratios- symmetry
lateral scrolls- upper portion with rose window

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51
Q

west facade of Sant’Andrea in Mantua

A

temple like elevation merged with triumphal arch
rigidly symmetrical and utilizes mathematical ratios as design principles

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52
Q

Early Renaissance Art and Architecutre Summary

A

similar easthetic denominators
symmetry, rythym, rationality, mastery of space, focus of human form and proportions, interest in reviving Ancient Greek and Roman works

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53
Q

Renaissance of Northern Europe

A

regions of Flanders (belgium) and Burgundy-
created Dutchy of Burgundy- Philip the Good ruled= art lover and patron
economic prosperity through wool trade with Italy
stock exchange created-Bourse-
first use of credit instruments

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54
Q

Northern Renaissance Art Characterization

A

interest in devotional images
small religious paintings to be displayed
and used for prayer in private home

lingering Medieval pre-occupation with sin, damnation, and redemption

moralizing themes, either showing how to live righteous life, or condemning sinful life by showing what not to do

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55
Q

Jan Van Eyck

A

invention of oil paints (oil glazes) applied to panels (not canvas)
Ghent Altarpiece
lot of symbolic meaning
smaller scale portratis- man in red turban
Giovanni Arnolfini and his Bride

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56
Q

Ghent Altarpiece

A

Jan Van Eyck
polyptych- altarpiece with multiple wings/hinged panels
tracery patterns
emphasis on gold and jewels- metaphor for riches one can expect in heaven
Christ- 12 apostles- Mary- Holy Confessors

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57
Q

Christ as lamb with apostles, Mary, Confessors

A

one of first landscape painting since Classical

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58
Q

the man in the red turban

A

Jan Van Eyck
first self portrait since classical
inscription- As I can
milestone for expressing self aware, self affirming modern consciousness through mirrors and portraits

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59
Q

Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride

A

Jan Van Eyck
private commision to commemorate the marriage - visual marriage contract

private art- strong religious overtones
dog- fidelity
single lit candle- God’s all seeing eye
medallion surrounding mirror- illustrate scenes of Passion of Christ
wooden shoes- wedding gift from Husband

Sociological dimension- rise of Middle Class; material culture; creation of merchants; trade netowrks

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60
Q

Deposition

A

Rogier Van der Weyden
triptych
one of first oil paintings- oil on wood
comissioned by archer’s guild in louvain- hidden crossbows on spandrels
emphasis of richness of cloth

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61
Q

Portinari Alterpiece

A

FLemish arting commissioned by Italian patron
Van der Goes
figure type (large, bearded figures)
manner landscape is depicted (midieval architecture, green vegetation)
Northern European- sensation among Italy

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62
Q

Campin- Private Devotional Altarpiece

A

increasing emphasis on private prayer and devotion over course of century leading to the Reformation
allegory for Hoseph trapping devil (mousetraps)

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63
Q

Bosch- Farden of Earthly Delight

A

tyiptych
depict life as carnal orgy
earthly delights- deeply moralizing overtones
alchemy, nudity, Hwaven and Hell
no idea about intention or if religious

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64
Q

High Renaissance in Italy

A

15-16 century
age of technical innovations of art, scientific discoceies, revival of Classical
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael
Universal Man- Da Vinci
human experience is center of universe

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65
Q

what stopped the High Renaissance

A

sack of Rome by German soldiers in 1527

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66
Q

Birth of Venus

A

Botticelli
poem by humanist writer polizinao= mimiched verse and themes of Roman times
about Roman gods Venus, Zephyrus,
typle product of humanist culture
aticipates artistic trends of High Renaissance

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67
Q

humanist culture of Renaissance

A

not only reappreciate classical past but also recreate it through art and literature

68
Q

trends of High Renaissance

A

iconography not only exclusive religious
hedonistic subject
volumetric bodies and mytholigical characters

69
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

milirary engineering, geography, anatomy, sculpture, painting
master of psychological introspection
atmospheric perspective (misty soft focus)
Virgin on the Rocks
The LAst Supper
Mona Lisa
mystic- intellectural, scientific, artistic interest

70
Q

Virgin on the rocks

A

Da Vinci
atmospheric perspective (misty, soft focus)
pyramidal comp
cave setting- never had that env for religious works before
St, John blessed by Christ, Mary, angel- know each other well, loving relationship
first introduction of tender emotions

71
Q

Leonardo Draftsman

A

large related sketch of virgin on the rocks
even more relaxed conventions than painting
Christ child playing with St. John,
emotional ties even stronger
atmospheric perspective

72
Q

The Last Supper

A

Da Vinci
mural for dining hall of Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie
emphasis on the Eurcharist
single point perspective- vanishing point Christ’s head
original one deteriorated- restoration campaigns

73
Q

Mona Lisa

A

Da Vinci
depict Lisa di Antonio Maria Gherardini
atmospheric perspective- Sfumato- smoky manner
popular because of theft in 1911

74
Q

Michelangelo

A

Sculptor
3 perspective- painting, architecture, sculpture
Ceiling of Sistine Chapel

75
Q

Ceiling of Sistine Chapel

A

Michelangelo
5800 square feet, curvaturre of celing, 70 ft distance from floor
work up close on scaffold directly under ceiling
design on papers, held close to wall, charcoal traced, then filled with paint

central strip illustrate Genesis
central panel- Creation of Adam and Fall of Adam and Eve
starting point- Separatte light and dark
ending point- drunkeness of Noah

76
Q

The Last Judgement

A

Michelangelo
seven years after sack of Rome
Reformation well under way
Counter Reformation- loved arts- most people illiterate

Risen Christ of judgement day- Saved souls near and marytrs (Heaven)
bottom- anguished souls tortured (Hell)
Back to Middle Ages- crises getting to him

77
Q

Raphael

A

Stanza della Segnatura- 4 walls represent Theology, Law, Poetry, Philospohy
Moadonna and Child
seen as sweet/sentimental (3rd best)
created Philosophy wall

78
Q

Stanza della Sednatura- Philosophy

A

Raphael
imaginary gathering of greatest thinkers from all ages
(Plato, Aristotle, ancient philosphers)
typical of infatuation with Humanist culture

79
Q

Raphael’s images of the Virgin

A

oil panel
epitome of HIgh REnaissance style
Raphael combine Leonardo and Michelangelo
based on stories called GOlden LEgend

single point perspective and classical architecture- central round temple surrounded by Roman arcade

80
Q

High REnaissance in Venice

A

no classical past
central trading hub- very wealthy
oligarchy
very concertned with art and architecture
aesthetically- color, airiness, decorative qualities

81
Q

Bellini

A

defined cinquecento- consisted of spledid colors and serenity of composition
Sacra Coversazione
Bright Colors

82
Q

Sacra Coversazione

A

fictional conversation of saints and biblical figures assembled across ages and locations

83
Q

Pastoral Symphony

A

Giorgione
secular art
connotations with music making and poetry

84
Q

Giorgione’s

A

color- red and blue
shepherds- idealize stress-free and serene lifestyle
subject of carefree parties of men in luxurious dress in parl picked up again in Rococo art

85
Q

Titan

A

brings together religious and civic virtues
emphasize surface, texture, color of work, but not the content or design
Meeting of Bacchus and Ariadne
Venus of Urbino

86
Q

Meeting of Bacchus and Ariadne

A

TItal
humanist
uncertainties of event depicted and artist ambivalent intentions part of appeal

87
Q

Venus of Urbino

A

established conventions for portriats of reclining female nudes until end of 19th century- emphasis of sensuality and ambiguity

88
Q

Michelangelo- Sculpture

A

David

89
Q

David- Michealangelo

A

epitome of High Renaissance sculpture and civic monument of Florence
carved from single block of marble left over
theme identical to Donatello and Verrocchio

did young man, not adolescent- who is self assured and vigilant BEFORE fighting goliath

political allegory- telling people to be watchful always as enemies could be on prowl

90
Q

Pope’s tomb design

A

Michelangelo
Moses
Bound Slave

91
Q

Bound Slave

A

almost finished Michelangelo work
struggle to free themselves from bondage
interest in study of anatomy and figures in action

92
Q

Bramante

A

draft plan for new St. Peter’s Cathedral
High REnaissance- symmetry, regularity, measure
defined by idea of nine interlocking crosses, covered by large cupola
Michelangelo simplified it

93
Q

Tempietto

A

Bramante design that was built
little temple
inspiration of found temples of classical
two concentric circles, one for columns, one for inner sanctuary
most perfect form is circle

94
Q

Michelangelo as architect

A

simplified Bramante’s project of St. Peter’s
Greek Cross Plan with lateral chapters
Facade- rhythmical and highly ornate staccato of Corinthian pilasters
marks transition to Mannerist and Baroque architecture

95
Q

Mannerism

A

celebrates qualities like artificially and distorted forms
style of excess and exaggeration
Renaissance order, symmetry, proportions abandoned
elongated figures (figura serpentinata)
vertical orientation
ambiguous space
hypher-sophistication and decadence

96
Q

Pontormo- Descent from Cross

A

no central focus
rendering space ambiguous
figures elonfated and flaccid (spineless)
weightless- twist in space
pastel colors

97
Q

Parmigianino - Madonna with Long Neck

A

epitome of mannerist style
body parts lose all proportional relationships
Figura Serpentinata “Serpentine Figure”
setting imbued with decadent air of luxuriousness- proprs like curtains, amphora vase, cushion for Virgin’s throne
free standing white column

98
Q

Brozino

A

portrays time as bearded man
hedonism- enjoyment for senses sake and without remorse
poreclain whiteness of bodies- artificioso- anything that is artifical or contrived

99
Q

Romano

A

remodel his stables into a pleasure palace
rusticated blocks of masonry
disruption of regularity, geometry, and measure
sliding triglyphs- crushing on passerby
portruding keystones- palace on edge of collapse
humorous and ironical

100
Q

Palazzo del Te

A

Romano
heaven collapsing- gians try to hold up columns supporitng heaven
central spot marked by terrazzo floor

101
Q

Veronese

A

paint on monumental scale
primary representative of Mannerism in Venetian painting
official painter of republic

artist are independent minded from Church

102
Q

Christ in the House of Levi

A

Supposed to be Last Supper but takes place in loggia of upper-class Palazzo that oligarch yowned
bustling with well dressed guests, dogs, jesters, attendents

103
Q

Triumph of Venice

A

Veronese
Civic virtue higher than religious- expressed in art and architecture
fire in palace- repleace decorations
female personification of Venice crowned and born aloft in clouds- framed by architecture, twised columns, military heroes, upper class, lion of St. Mark
excessiveness of visual content

104
Q

Protestant Reformation in Germany and Netherlands

A

one trigger is sale of indulgences to deeply devout population (exemption of purgatory for coin)
Pope Julius II selling, financial problems because of warfare and beautifying vatican

Martin Luther- objected indulgences
95 THeses, Bible into German

105
Q

Protestantism Religious

A

personal accountability to God
punitive consequences of sin
reject intercession og saints
Church interiors sparce and not have artwork
emphasis on word, or music, not visual
iconoclastic
Bible is sole authority on spiritual matters

106
Q

Counter-Reformation

A

Catholic Church response to Protestant Reformation
Council of Trent- Churches have splendid artworks and decorations to reach an illiterate population
gave rise to Baroque Style

107
Q

Reformation in Germany and Netherlands

A

German speaking counteis center of Protestantism
Netherland’s north is protestant
Netherlands south (belgium) Catholic

108
Q

Durer

A

leading artist from age of Reformation
ties to art and publishing industires
first northern artist to fully understand and apply to innovations of Italian Renaissance- perspective and correct human anatomy
important accomplishments in printmaking

109
Q

Durer self portrait

A

audacious to portray in frontal pose- reserved for representations of Chirst
mimic Christ’s act of blessing

110
Q

Durer’s prints

A

charged with symbolic meaning
interprested in variety of ways
Knight defies death and the Devil
dog is companion (fidelty)
lizard is sin
one is that flashback to Crusades and renewed threat of Ottoman Turks
other is that for the soldier, Death and Devil not antagonist but attributes of his profession

111
Q

Durer and the Apostles

A

different from others bc of context
put in city Hall
put St. Peter (Vatican- Keys) in background and put St. John (Bible) in front
REformation expressed

112
Q

Massys- Money Changer and His Wife

A

completed before Reformation but alludes to ethical issues
point that material and commercial concerns needs to be balanced with spiritual and religious concerns
money changer is weighing coins, wife is reading Bible

113
Q

Brudgel the Elder- Dutch Fantasy Landscapes

A

Netherland apart because of interest in low life or genre scenes
genre- everyday scenes from commoners lives
depcit peasant, village life, and country in uncouth behavior- still look out of fairytale
Satirical and fantasy artist

114
Q

Age of Baroque in Italy

A

17-18th century- literature, music, art, architecture
emphasis on convoluted forms- spiral colimns, heightened emotionalism, intense religiosity, theratricality, rapture, irrationality, over-decoration
combined with Catholicism
first found in Vatican

115
Q

Bernini

A

sculptor and architect- defiened Baroque style in Rome
Baldacchino
infused with emotionalism and drama in sculptures

116
Q

Baldacchino-

A

Bernini
giant bronze canopy- 100 ft high- spot where St. Peter is buried
defined by 4 spiral columns with bronze
over decorated- vines and bees on columns
theatricality- viewer’s glance drawn from canopy to Cathedra Petri

117
Q

Ecstasy of St. Teresa

A

Bernini
Illuminated from hidden light source
niche of colored marble, gold, architectural decorations
streeses belief, devotion, and pietry over reason

118
Q

Caravaggio- Invention of Tenebrism

A

defined Baroque painting
painted conversation of Pharisee Saul to St. Paul
use indirect light sources, situated in night settings, introduce dramatic highlights
most of art is biblical
great strength was to depict real, everyday people
Calling of St. Matthew

119
Q

tenebrism

A

night scenes with strong contrasts and indirect light outside of picture frame
assocaited with Caravaggio and Baroque art

120
Q

Calling of St. Matthew

A

Christ enter house of Levi- Tax collector- become St. Matthew
Tenebrist
small hint of trace of halo above Christ’s face
master of psychological renderings
impact on contempory painters

121
Q

Carracci

A

Bologna- own group of masters
founded local art academy
Flight into Egypt
Love of the Gods

122
Q

Flight into Egypt

A

Carracci
figure group with Holy Family in foreground secondary to landscape
landscape is idealized- cultured nature setting with evidence of human intervention and Mediterranean flora

123
Q

Love of the Gods

A

Carracci
fresco
ceiling is barrel vaulted and curving
illusion of collection of framed pictures
influenced by michelangelo and sistine chapel

124
Q

Baroque Painting in Spain

A

Spain hotbed- Habsburg
strong supporter of Catholicism and Vatican

125
Q

El Greco

A

transition from Mannerism to the Baroque in Spain
not native Spaniard, Greece, trained in Venice and learned about Mannerist Style
first to introduce innovations of Italian later REnaissance to country
Burial of Count Orgaz

126
Q

Burial of Count Orgaz

A

benefacto of Church of Santo Tome where passing caused much grief

composition follows typical Baroque formula of separating the wordly and heavenly realm into two levels
Upper half- Orgaz welcomed into heaven
lower half- burial attended by dignitaries of Toledo

visionary and mysterious quality- strong black and white contrasts and swirling clouds
figures unnaturally elongated- mannerist

concieved to stir religious fervor in believer

127
Q

Martyrdom of Saint Bartholomew

A

Ribera
foregrounding of saints and their suffering
Plebian figure- old, bearded, emaciated
Caravaggio’s influence

128
Q

Martyrdom of Saint Serapion

A

Zurbaran
painted for monastic order of Mercy- funerary chapel
Serapion on 3rd Crusade, preaching Gospel to Muslims, captured, tortured, beheaded
Suffering of Saint is emphasized
Black and white contrasts

129
Q

Velazquez

A

most famous Baroque painter
court painter to king Philip IV of SPain- King’s personal confidence
Water Carrier of Seville
Las Meninas- Maids of Honors

130
Q

Water Carrier of Seville

A

genre or lowlife scene
Spain- hit country- no running water- water sellers
water carrier- rugged, old, unsophisticated- torn clothing
man of people, Caravaggio inspired
Brownish tonalities prevail

131
Q

Maids of Honor

A

princess watches as parents are being painted by Velazquez
king and queen seen by mirror

or workign on very same cavas we’re currently seeing

reader in role of king and queen

132
Q

Baroque architecture in Italy

A

drafted in purpose of affirming leadership role of Catholic Church

grandiosity, spectacular effects, drama and visual propogranda

undulating facades, oval or irregular plans, general preference for asymmetry

associated with Pope Sixtus V

133
Q

Maderno

A

design Facade of St. Peter’s in Rome
first came to attention of Sixtus V when he built the Church of Santa Susanna
modeled facade after Gicomo della Porta’s church of II Gesu in ORme- prototype for churches the Jesuit order bui;t

134
Q

Facade of St. Peter

A

shift towards novelty embodied by Baroque style
no more symmetry, decorative elements take over, multiplication of niches with sculptures, columns, dramatic recesses, scroll buttresses

135
Q

Borromini

A

Baroque style
St. Charles at the Four Fountains

136
Q

St. Charles at the Four Fountains

A

irregular plot of land
small church at busy intersection in city- marked by fountains in four corners
two facades encrusted with sculptures, niches, columns, recesses
central theme- oval (multiple)

culmination point of Baroue style in Rome

137
Q

Baroque in Flanders and Netherlands

A

northern part of Netherlands (Holland) became Protestant
southern part of Netherlands (Flanders- northern part of Belgium) remained Catholic
Flemish- Belgium

138
Q

Catholic Southern Netherlands Art

A

Baroque art in Italy and Spain
Peter Paul Ruebens

139
Q

Art in Protestant North Netherlands

A

rejected images of saints and religious subject matter
art turned secular, became smaller in format- privately owned
rudimentary beginnings of Art Market developed here

140
Q

Habsburg

A

not allow Northern Netherlands to become Protestant
After Thirty YEars War- they relented

141
Q

Golden Age of Dutch art

A

17th century
peace and economic expansio- oversea trade
great number of highly skilled painters- little masters-

142
Q

Rubens

A

most important artist in Flemish tradition
influenced by Baroque art in Italy
added own hallmarks of heightened emotionalism, voluptuous bodies, and rose-colored flesh
muscular bodies, chiaroscuro, and dramtic light effects

Large art workshop- active art dealer- help end Thirty YEars war as diplomat
Most of art under his name executed by his numerous workshop assistants
21 large canvases of Maria de Medici

143
Q

21 large canvases of Maria de Medici

A

destined for Luxemburg Palace in Paris
see her arrival in France by boat, marriage with King Henry IV
allegorical figure of France welcome her
show how king assassinated, she became queen, fallout and reconciliation of her and her son

144
Q

Van Dyck- Flemish court painter in LOndon

A

Anthony Van Dyck- one of Ruben’s assistants- reputation of his own
portrait paoting
pioneered the formula of full-length portrait seen here- popular with monarchs across Europe
HUnting
self assertive pose but no sceptor or crown

145
Q

Supper Party

A

Honthorst

looks like Last Supper but is a tavern scene with drunk men and women having party

allegory of gluttony and hints of prostition
deeply moralizing
exemplifies genre subjects

146
Q

Hals

A

specialty is group portraits
depicting confraternal organizations, guilds, or civic militia groups
all people individualized

147
Q

Rembrandt

A

greatest artist of Dutch “Golden Age”
started as portrait painter
attests to rational scientific mind- prevalent in Northern Netherlands
Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp
Night Watch
most famous for nocturns- night scenes
religious matter with vProtestant Overtones

148
Q

Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp

A

attests to rational scientific mind- prevalent in Northern Netherlands
shows Surgeon’s guild as dissecting corpse
dissection was new- Catholic Church opposed- however led to knowledge of disease, cause of death, improvemtn to health and longer lives

149
Q

Night Watch

A

Rembrandt
full name is The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq
largest and most important painting
example of nocturns- night scenes
group portrait of civic guard in 30 war
all people individualized
for public setting- banquet hall where such people would meet
self portraits

150
Q

The Prodigal SOn

A

Rembrandt
first one to take into consideration that story happened 2000 years ago in Middle East, not contemporary Holland
accounted by historical and cultural context by dresses and racial types represented
avoided Madonnas, halos, and saints- Catholic
bags for empathy- old father with embrace for forgiveness, other borther keep cold distance

151
Q

Rembrandt’s Etchings

A

more artistic than engravings
Hundred Guilder Print
Christ with the Sick around Him, Receiving the Children
reworked his plates many times over the years
Three Crosses

152
Q

Cuyp

A

Dutch landsacpes
painting of cows- national animal
milkmaid’s work- beautified, but not classical landscape- real city in background

153
Q

Van Ruisdael

A

stressed aspect of domestic wellbeing
linen bleached in sun
church in distance- God-fearing life
windmills dot the scenery

154
Q

Vermeer

A

depiction of domestic wellbeing
major painter of Dutch “golden age” now but was forgotten
view slightly out of focus
use for camera obscura- primitive viewing device that serve as aid for draftsman
all are small to fit into interior- cabinet pictures
show material wealth of middle class interiors
spectator intruder in domestic harmony
soft focus

155
Q

Dou

A

Rembrandt’s student
small scale, minutely rendered cabinet pictures
celebrated early on but then forgotten
pursuit of knowledge for its sake
astronomer- uncover forces of universe along in middle of night

156
Q

The Dropsical Women

A

Dou
archaic medical term that refers to swelling of soft tissues due to accumulation of excess water
scientific rational aspect of quest for finding cure makes it modern
richly decorated setting, dutch interior
Napoleon thought this was most important painting

157
Q

Brouwer

A

range of genre subjects
The Smokers
interior of tavern at night, filled with smokers, reverlers, drunks, rude, ugly sitters

158
Q

Claesz

A

still lifes
musical instruments and fineries
skull- memento mori- reminder of death
all wealth is temporal, life is fleeting

159
Q

Kalf

A

still life painting
impact of Dutch overseas trade on material culture and lifestlye
render luxury goods
very good on rendering reflections on surfaces

160
Q

The Sun king

A

Louis XIV
France rose to become the leading power in Europe- economy, military, culture
French took place of Latin
freedom and tolerance were limited
protestant minority persecuted

161
Q

Poussin

A

dominance of classical mythology and classical history in French Painting
classicism- dogma of academic training in art
root of heirarchy of genres- history painting at top of prestige

162
Q

Et in Arcadia Ego

A

Poussin
arcadian landscape- group of shepherds in foreground who study inscription of sarcophagus that reads “I, too, was once in Arcadia)
shepherds discover their own mortality

163
Q

Lorrain

A

specialized in pseudo-classical landscapes and port scenes
often take place in and around ROme
most appreciated for renderings of all suffusing, golden sun light and harbor scenes
Biblical/classical stories often no more than pretexts

164
Q

Le Nain

A

iconographic tradition different from Poussin or Claude
subjects related to Netherlandish genre of lowlife painting - interested in peasants and country folk
French contemporaries thought him to be Dutch or Flemish artist

165
Q

Family of Country Peopl

A

Le Nain
final phase of 30 Years War
covers up real hardships, famines, and desctruction in countryside at time
peasants have time to eat, live with dignity, enjoy music, subservient
reality: uprisings and armies, ravaging farms
brownish tonalities

Art (11 decks)

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